Purpose <p>To assess the rates of success, complications, and re-interventions of selective arterial embolisation of renal angiomyolipomas.</p> Materials and Methods <p>A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted, including studies reporting outcomes of selective arterial embolisation for renal angiomyolipomas. Pooled estimates were calculated for technical success, radiological success, clinical success, tumour shrinkage, re-embolisation rates, surgical re-intervention, and complication rates. Heterogeneity was assessed using I<sup>2</sup> statistics. Exploratory regression modelling was performed to assess factors associated with re-intervention.</p> Results <p>Thirteen studies comprising 478 patients and 542 AMLs were included. Technical success—successful delivery and occlusion of the embolic agent—was achieved in 86.2% of cases (95% CI 80–89.1%; I<sup>2</sup> = 36.1%). Radiological success, based on CT-assessed tumour shrinkage, was observed in 94% of cases (95% CI 91.2–97.3%; I<sup>2</sup> = 15.6%). Subgroup analysis revealed ethanol-alone embolisation achieved the highest shrinkage (95.8%) and the lowest re-intervention rate (3.4%). Pooled re-intervention (re-embolisation or surgery) was required in 19% of cases (95% CI 10–34%; I<sup>2</sup> = 85.9%). Minor complications occurred in 46% of procedures, predominantly post-embolisation syndrome (PES, 43%; 95% CI 35–53%; I<sup>2</sup> = 88.8%). Major complications, such as retroperitoneal bleeding, significant haematuria, abscesses, or prolonged hospital admission, were rare (pooled rate: 5.7%; 95% CI 3.9–8.2%), and the pooled rate for surgical re-intervention was 4% (95% CI 2–7%) with low heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup> = 9.6%; <i>p</i> = 0.333).</p> Conclusion and Contribution <p>Embolisation is a safe primary treatment option for renal angiomyolipomas with high technical and radiologic success, low major complications, and rates of surgical intervention. Embolic agent choice significantly impacted outcomes in this cohort.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Complication Rates and Effectiveness of Renal Angiomyolipoma Embolisation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

  • Michael Duffy,
  • Avinash Deshwal,
  • Ryan Donnelly,
  • Abhinav Deshwal,
  • Aaron Mau,
  • Rohan Modi,
  • Ethel Mc Manus,
  • Matthew Mullins

摘要

Purpose

To assess the rates of success, complications, and re-interventions of selective arterial embolisation of renal angiomyolipomas.

Materials and Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted, including studies reporting outcomes of selective arterial embolisation for renal angiomyolipomas. Pooled estimates were calculated for technical success, radiological success, clinical success, tumour shrinkage, re-embolisation rates, surgical re-intervention, and complication rates. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. Exploratory regression modelling was performed to assess factors associated with re-intervention.

Results

Thirteen studies comprising 478 patients and 542 AMLs were included. Technical success—successful delivery and occlusion of the embolic agent—was achieved in 86.2% of cases (95% CI 80–89.1%; I2 = 36.1%). Radiological success, based on CT-assessed tumour shrinkage, was observed in 94% of cases (95% CI 91.2–97.3%; I2 = 15.6%). Subgroup analysis revealed ethanol-alone embolisation achieved the highest shrinkage (95.8%) and the lowest re-intervention rate (3.4%). Pooled re-intervention (re-embolisation or surgery) was required in 19% of cases (95% CI 10–34%; I2 = 85.9%). Minor complications occurred in 46% of procedures, predominantly post-embolisation syndrome (PES, 43%; 95% CI 35–53%; I2 = 88.8%). Major complications, such as retroperitoneal bleeding, significant haematuria, abscesses, or prolonged hospital admission, were rare (pooled rate: 5.7%; 95% CI 3.9–8.2%), and the pooled rate for surgical re-intervention was 4% (95% CI 2–7%) with low heterogeneity (I2 = 9.6%; p = 0.333).

Conclusion and Contribution

Embolisation is a safe primary treatment option for renal angiomyolipomas with high technical and radiologic success, low major complications, and rates of surgical intervention. Embolic agent choice significantly impacted outcomes in this cohort.

Graphical Abstract