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<p>Soil heavy metal (HM) contamination from mining activities poses a threat to fragile alpine ecosystems. However, comprehensive risk assessments and quantitative source apportionment for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) remain insufficient. In this study, we investigated a typical alpine acidic mine and integrated regional data to evaluate the characteristics, ecological risks, and sources of HM contamination. Results revealed that high-intensity mining activities led to elevated topsoil HM concentrations. The mean total potential ecological risk index (TRI) reached 188.75, indicating a medium-high ecological risk level, with Cu, Cd, and Pb identified as the primary pollutants. A comparative analysis across the QTP further disclosed widespread HM contamination risks in metal mining areas, particularly for Cu, Cd, and Pb. By integrating positive matrix factorization (PMF) and Spearman correlation analysis, five contamination sources were quantified. Among these, copper mining (Cu-dominant, 41.13%) and mining-induced sulfide dust emissions (Pb/Cd-associated, 19.73%) were the dominant contributors, collectively accounting for 60.86% of the total HM contamination. Our results emphasize the necessity of implementing prioritized control measures for these mining-driven sources and provide a critical scientific basis for targeted remediation strategies in alpine metal mining areas.</p>

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Ecological Risk Assessment and Source Apportionment of Soil Heavy Metal Contamination in Alpine Mining Area on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月28日

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  • Lanlan Ye,
  • Mingxue Xiang,
  • Huanyu Zhou,
  • Xianlei Gao,
  • Xiaotong Liu,
  • Yan Wang,
  • Junxi Wu

摘要

Soil heavy metal (HM) contamination from mining activities poses a threat to fragile alpine ecosystems. However, comprehensive risk assessments and quantitative source apportionment for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) remain insufficient. In this study, we investigated a typical alpine acidic mine and integrated regional data to evaluate the characteristics, ecological risks, and sources of HM contamination. Results revealed that high-intensity mining activities led to elevated topsoil HM concentrations. The mean total potential ecological risk index (TRI) reached 188.75, indicating a medium-high ecological risk level, with Cu, Cd, and Pb identified as the primary pollutants. A comparative analysis across the QTP further disclosed widespread HM contamination risks in metal mining areas, particularly for Cu, Cd, and Pb. By integrating positive matrix factorization (PMF) and Spearman correlation analysis, five contamination sources were quantified. Among these, copper mining (Cu-dominant, 41.13%) and mining-induced sulfide dust emissions (Pb/Cd-associated, 19.73%) were the dominant contributors, collectively accounting for 60.86% of the total HM contamination. Our results emphasize the necessity of implementing prioritized control measures for these mining-driven sources and provide a critical scientific basis for targeted remediation strategies in alpine metal mining areas.