<p>Perceived danger (e.g., from predators) can alter the behavior, physiology, or other traits of prey in ways that can have direct or indirect effects on populations and communities. However, responses to danger may show variability between different subsets of a population and/or temporal variation, and this variability must be accounted for in any attempt to understand higher-order effects of fear responses. Freshwater crayfish are ecologically important members of temperate aquatic communities and are known to show behavioral responses to the presence of predators or risk cues, but variability in such responses is largely unexplored. Here, I report the results of an experiment to test the hypothesis that responses to conspecific alarm cues vary by sex and/or reproductive status in the freshwater crayfish <i>Faxonius virilis</i>. All crayfish responded to alarm cues by reducing their probability of foraging and increasing their latency to approach a food item, but these responses were affected by sex, reproductive season, and body size. Specifically, males showed a significantly greater response to alarm cues when they were in their reproductive form than in their non-reproductive form, while females showed no difference based on their reproductive form. In addition, females, but not males, showed a significant size effect, with smaller females showing a greater reduction in foraging than larger females. These results may be related to differences in the perceived costs and benefits of foraging in a risky environment, driven by differences in the energetic requirements of crayfish based on sex and reproductive status.</p>