Pilferers shape hoarding behavior of red squirrels in an urban park
摘要
Red squirrels Sciurus vulgaris are scatter-hoarding rodents which inhabit many urban parks where they have adapted to supplemental anthropogenic feeding, and as a result, have altered their patterns of space use and activity to receive food from people. However, even in such a largely modified setting, their innate hoarding behavior remains highly conspicuous. We tested several factors that may have affected this behavior by supplementary feeding squirrels with hazelnuts in an urban park. The presence of conspecifics and hooded crows Corvus cornix prompted the squirrels to immediately consume the received nuts more often, extended the caching time needed, and increased the number of caching attempts. Moreover, the mean time needed for caching a nut and the number of caching attempts decreased with the number of nuts received. Hoarding behavior showed slight variation in consecutive months between November and April and was affected by ambient temperature. At lower temperatures, more nuts were consumed upon receiving, and squirrels made more caching attempts. Our results confirm that the squirrel’s decision to eat or cache food is strongly influenced by the intensity of pilferage threat, with squirrels modifying their hoarding behavior in the presence of other animals in an attempt to reduce the risk of food pilferage.