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Objectives <p>The purpose of this study is to investigate the diagnostic performance of T1 and T2 mapping for non-invasive assessment of Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression status in bladder cancer.</p> Methods <p>In this prospective study, patients with bladder cancer underwent 3-T MRI before surgery. The MRI protocol included T1 mapping and T2 mapping. Both T1 and T2 maps were inline generated after data acquisition. Free-hand 2D regions of interest were drawn around the tumor on the largest tumor section. T1 and T2 values were extracted from ROIs. HER2 and PD-L1 status were determined by immunohistochemistry and FISH or CPS scoring. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Model performance was evaluated by ROC analysis, calibration, and decision curve analysis.</p> Results <p>This study included a total of 60 patients with bladder cancer (50 men, 10 women; mean age, 70.60 ± 11.51 years). HER2-high tumors (<i>n</i> = 29) demonstrated significantly lower T1 and T2 values compared with HER2-low tumors (<i>n</i> = 31) (1834.59 ± 345.63 vs. 2401.97 ± 609.48, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001; 81.85 ± 24.22 vs. 145.01 ± 51.97, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). The combined MRI model of T1 and T2 values for HER2, achieved AUCs of 0.923 (95% CI: 0.843–0.984). PD-L1 positive tumors (<i>n</i> = 23) demonstrated significantly lower T1 and T2 values compared with PD-L1 negative tumors (<i>n</i> = 37) (1918.02 ± 347.78 vs. 2258.10 ± 645.74, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05; 82.72 ± 25.12 vs. 134.23 ± 54.19, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). The combined MRI model of T1 and T2 values for PD-L1, achieved AUCs of 0.839 (95% CI: 0.740–0.938).</p> Conclusion <p>Preliminary evidence suggests that T1 and T2 mapping can yield reproducible quantitative metrics, which may offer a means to non-invasively assess HER2 and PD-L1 expression in bladder cancer.</p>

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Evaluation of T1 and T2 mapping for non-invasive assessment of HER2 and PD-L1 expression in bladder cancer

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月9日

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  • Shuang Qin,
  • Huarong Luo,
  • Yi Hong,
  • Caixia Fu,
  • Jie Cheng,
  • Qi Lv

摘要

Objectives

The purpose of this study is to investigate the diagnostic performance of T1 and T2 mapping for non-invasive assessment of Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression status in bladder cancer.

Methods

In this prospective study, patients with bladder cancer underwent 3-T MRI before surgery. The MRI protocol included T1 mapping and T2 mapping. Both T1 and T2 maps were inline generated after data acquisition. Free-hand 2D regions of interest were drawn around the tumor on the largest tumor section. T1 and T2 values were extracted from ROIs. HER2 and PD-L1 status were determined by immunohistochemistry and FISH or CPS scoring. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Model performance was evaluated by ROC analysis, calibration, and decision curve analysis.

Results

This study included a total of 60 patients with bladder cancer (50 men, 10 women; mean age, 70.60 ± 11.51 years). HER2-high tumors (n = 29) demonstrated significantly lower T1 and T2 values compared with HER2-low tumors (n = 31) (1834.59 ± 345.63 vs. 2401.97 ± 609.48, P < 0.001; 81.85 ± 24.22 vs. 145.01 ± 51.97, P < 0.001). The combined MRI model of T1 and T2 values for HER2, achieved AUCs of 0.923 (95% CI: 0.843–0.984). PD-L1 positive tumors (n = 23) demonstrated significantly lower T1 and T2 values compared with PD-L1 negative tumors (n = 37) (1918.02 ± 347.78 vs. 2258.10 ± 645.74, P < 0.05; 82.72 ± 25.12 vs. 134.23 ± 54.19, P < 0.001). The combined MRI model of T1 and T2 values for PD-L1, achieved AUCs of 0.839 (95% CI: 0.740–0.938).

Conclusion

Preliminary evidence suggests that T1 and T2 mapping can yield reproducible quantitative metrics, which may offer a means to non-invasively assess HER2 and PD-L1 expression in bladder cancer.