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Objective <p>This study aims to evaluate the clinical utility of <sup>68</sup>Ga-pentixafor PET/MRI in diagnosing primary aldosteronism (PA) in functional adrenal nodules, with a particular focus on subcentimeter nodules. Additionally, the diagnostic performance of integrated PET/MRI is compared to single-modality PET imaging.</p> Methods <p>A total of 62 patients with clinical suspicion of PA were enrolled from a tertiary hospital in China. Prior to adrenalectomy, all patients underwent <sup>68</sup>Ga-pentixafor PET/MRI, followed by CXCR4 and CYP11B2 immunohistochemical analysis post-surgery. Adrenal lesions were stratified into two size groups: ≥ 1&#xa0;cm and &lt; 1&#xa0;cm. Quantitative PET parameters, including SUVmax, SUVmean, and lesion-to-liver uptake ratio (LLR), were evaluated alongside MRI parameters such as outphase/inphase signal ratio (OIR), relative percent washout (RPW), T2-weighted image intensity, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to establish diagnostic thresholds. Comparative analyses were conducted between single-modality PET and integrated PET/MRI for diagnostic accuracy.</p> Results <p>Among 62 patients, 74 adrenal lesions were confirmed pathologically, comprising 37 aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA, ≥ 1&#xa0;cm), 21 aldosterone-producing micronodules (micro-APA, &lt; 1&#xa0;cm), and 16 non-functioning adenomas (NFA). Key PET/MRI parameters, including SUVmax, SUVmean, LLR, OIR, and RPW, showed significant differentiation between functional adrenal nodules and normal adrenal glands (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). For nodules ≥ 1&#xa0;cm, the PET SUVmax threshold of 7.87 achieved a sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 95.0% for APA diagnosis. For nodules &lt; 1&#xa0;cm, the PET SUVmax threshold of 6.49 yielded a sensitivity of 68.8% and specificity of 83.3% for micro-APA diagnosis. Integrated PET/MRI significantly improved the diagnostic sensitivity for PA subcentimeter nodules from 68.8% (with PET alone) to 87.5%, and increased the area under the ROC curve from 0.760 to 0.854, with no significant reduction in diagnostic specificity.</p> Conclusion <p><sup>68</sup>Ga-Pentixafor PET/MRI demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for functional adrenal nodules in PA, particularly enhanced sensitivity for subcentimeter nodules compared to PET alone.</p>

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Added value of multiparametric MRI for diagnosing subcentimeter functional adrenal nodules in primary aldosteronism using CXCR4-targeted PET/MRI

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月19日

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  • Xiaoli Meng,
  • Zhiyong Quan,
  • Linni Fan,
  • Mingru Zhang,
  • Guiyu Li,
  • Mengwei Xu,
  • Jia Wang,
  • Wenhui Ma,
  • Weidong Yang,
  • Bo Yang,
  • Jing Wang,
  • Fei Kang

摘要

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the clinical utility of 68Ga-pentixafor PET/MRI in diagnosing primary aldosteronism (PA) in functional adrenal nodules, with a particular focus on subcentimeter nodules. Additionally, the diagnostic performance of integrated PET/MRI is compared to single-modality PET imaging.

Methods

A total of 62 patients with clinical suspicion of PA were enrolled from a tertiary hospital in China. Prior to adrenalectomy, all patients underwent 68Ga-pentixafor PET/MRI, followed by CXCR4 and CYP11B2 immunohistochemical analysis post-surgery. Adrenal lesions were stratified into two size groups: ≥ 1 cm and < 1 cm. Quantitative PET parameters, including SUVmax, SUVmean, and lesion-to-liver uptake ratio (LLR), were evaluated alongside MRI parameters such as outphase/inphase signal ratio (OIR), relative percent washout (RPW), T2-weighted image intensity, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to establish diagnostic thresholds. Comparative analyses were conducted between single-modality PET and integrated PET/MRI for diagnostic accuracy.

Results

Among 62 patients, 74 adrenal lesions were confirmed pathologically, comprising 37 aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA, ≥ 1 cm), 21 aldosterone-producing micronodules (micro-APA, < 1 cm), and 16 non-functioning adenomas (NFA). Key PET/MRI parameters, including SUVmax, SUVmean, LLR, OIR, and RPW, showed significant differentiation between functional adrenal nodules and normal adrenal glands (P < 0.001). For nodules ≥ 1 cm, the PET SUVmax threshold of 7.87 achieved a sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 95.0% for APA diagnosis. For nodules < 1 cm, the PET SUVmax threshold of 6.49 yielded a sensitivity of 68.8% and specificity of 83.3% for micro-APA diagnosis. Integrated PET/MRI significantly improved the diagnostic sensitivity for PA subcentimeter nodules from 68.8% (with PET alone) to 87.5%, and increased the area under the ROC curve from 0.760 to 0.854, with no significant reduction in diagnostic specificity.

Conclusion

68Ga-Pentixafor PET/MRI demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for functional adrenal nodules in PA, particularly enhanced sensitivity for subcentimeter nodules compared to PET alone.