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Abstract <p>African swine fever (ASF) is a significant threat to the global pig breeding industry, making the development of a vaccine extremely urgent. In this study, the key antigenic proteins p30 and p54 of African swine fever virus (ASFV) were fused with the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin (IgG) to construct recombinant fusion proteins with strong immunity. Here, we successfully expressed four recombinant fusion proteins comprising the ASFV proteins p30 and p54 (p30-54 and p54-30) alone and the porcine IgG Fc-fused p30 and p54 proteins (p30-54-Fc and p54-30-Fc) using an insect baculovirus expression system. All expressed proteins demonstrated excellent reactivity with specific antibodies, confirming their immunological activity. In vitro studies revealed that the Fc-fused proteins exhibited significantly increased binding affinity to Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Immunization studies in mice revealed that p30-54-Fc and p54-30-Fc elicited greater humoral and cellular immune responses than p30-54 and p54-30, respectively. Notably, sera from mice immunized with the Fc-fused proteins significantly inhibited ASFV-GFP infection in porcine alveolar macrophages. These results suggest that these ASFV p30-54-Fc and p54-30-Fc recombinant fusion proteins represent promising candidate antigens for the development of an effective ASF subunit vaccine.</p> Key points <p>• <i>Fc-fused ASFV p30/p54 proteins elicit stronger humoral and cellular immune responses in mice.</i></p> <p>• <i>Sera from Fc-fused antigen-immunized mice show enhanced inhibition of ASFV infection in PAMs.</i></p> <p>• <i>Fc fusion strategy improves immunogenicity of ASFV antigens, supporting promising subunit vaccine candidates.</i></p>

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Fusion with immunoglobulin Fc fragment enhances the immunogenicity of the African swine fever virus p30/p54 fusion protein

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Haimi Dang,
  • Yi Ru,
  • Guoqiang Wu,
  • Rongzeng Hao,
  • Jie Xu,
  • Yajun Li,
  • Dongmei Zhao,
  • Chenghui Jiang,
  • Shengnan Han,
  • Xinyu Hu,
  • Xiuping Wu,
  • Yang Yang,
  • Haixue Zheng

摘要

Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is a significant threat to the global pig breeding industry, making the development of a vaccine extremely urgent. In this study, the key antigenic proteins p30 and p54 of African swine fever virus (ASFV) were fused with the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin (IgG) to construct recombinant fusion proteins with strong immunity. Here, we successfully expressed four recombinant fusion proteins comprising the ASFV proteins p30 and p54 (p30-54 and p54-30) alone and the porcine IgG Fc-fused p30 and p54 proteins (p30-54-Fc and p54-30-Fc) using an insect baculovirus expression system. All expressed proteins demonstrated excellent reactivity with specific antibodies, confirming their immunological activity. In vitro studies revealed that the Fc-fused proteins exhibited significantly increased binding affinity to Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Immunization studies in mice revealed that p30-54-Fc and p54-30-Fc elicited greater humoral and cellular immune responses than p30-54 and p54-30, respectively. Notably, sera from mice immunized with the Fc-fused proteins significantly inhibited ASFV-GFP infection in porcine alveolar macrophages. These results suggest that these ASFV p30-54-Fc and p54-30-Fc recombinant fusion proteins represent promising candidate antigens for the development of an effective ASF subunit vaccine.

Key points

• Fc-fused ASFV p30/p54 proteins elicit stronger humoral and cellular immune responses in mice.

• Sera from Fc-fused antigen-immunized mice show enhanced inhibition of ASFV infection in PAMs.

• Fc fusion strategy improves immunogenicity of ASFV antigens, supporting promising subunit vaccine candidates.