<p>We consider a Cahn–Hilliard–Darcy system for an incompressible mixture of two fluids we already analyzed in [<CitationRef CitationID="CR9">9</CitationRef>]. In this system, the relative concentration difference <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="245_2025_10239_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varphi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>φ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> obeys a convective nonlocal Cahn–Hilliard equation with degenerate mobility and singular (e.g., logarithmic) potential, while the volume averaged fluid velocity <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="245_2025_10239_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varvec{u}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">u</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is given by a Darcy’s law subject to the Korteweg force <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="245_2025_10239_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="40" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu \nabla \varphi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>μ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>φ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where the chemical potential <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="245_2025_10239_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>μ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is defined by means of a nonlocal Helmholtz free energy. The kinematic viscosity <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="245_2025_10239_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\eta \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>η</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> depends on <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="245_2025_10239_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varphi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>φ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. With respect to the quoted contribution, here we assume that the Darcy’s law is subject to gravity and to a given additional source. Moreover, we suppose that the Cahn–Hilliard equation and the chemical potential contain source terms. Our main goal is to establish the existence of two notions of weak solutions. The first, called “generalized” weak solution, is based a convenient splitting of <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="245_2025_10239_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>μ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> so that the entropy derivative does not need to be integrable. The second is slightly stronger and allows to reconstruct <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="245_2025_10239_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>μ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and to prove the validity of a canonical energy identity. For this reason, the latter is called “natural” weak solution. The rigorous relation between the two notions of weak solution is also analyzed. The existence of a global attractor for generalized weak solutions and time independent sources is then demonstrated via the theory of generalized semiflows introduced by J.M. Ball.</p>

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A Nonlocal Cahn–Hilliard–Darcy System with Singular Potential, Degenerate Mobility, and Sources

  • Cecilia Cavaterra,
  • Sergio Frigeri,
  • Maurizio Grasselli

摘要

We consider a Cahn–Hilliard–Darcy system for an incompressible mixture of two fluids we already analyzed in [9]. In this system, the relative concentration difference \(\varphi \) φ obeys a convective nonlocal Cahn–Hilliard equation with degenerate mobility and singular (e.g., logarithmic) potential, while the volume averaged fluid velocity \(\varvec{u}\) u is given by a Darcy’s law subject to the Korteweg force \(\mu \nabla \varphi \) μ φ , where the chemical potential \(\mu \) μ is defined by means of a nonlocal Helmholtz free energy. The kinematic viscosity \(\eta \) η depends on \(\varphi \) φ . With respect to the quoted contribution, here we assume that the Darcy’s law is subject to gravity and to a given additional source. Moreover, we suppose that the Cahn–Hilliard equation and the chemical potential contain source terms. Our main goal is to establish the existence of two notions of weak solutions. The first, called “generalized” weak solution, is based a convenient splitting of \(\mu \) μ so that the entropy derivative does not need to be integrable. The second is slightly stronger and allows to reconstruct \(\mu \) μ and to prove the validity of a canonical energy identity. For this reason, the latter is called “natural” weak solution. The rigorous relation between the two notions of weak solution is also analyzed. The existence of a global attractor for generalized weak solutions and time independent sources is then demonstrated via the theory of generalized semiflows introduced by J.M. Ball.