<p>In this article, the following controlled convective Brinkman-Forchheimer extended Darcy (CBFeD) system is considered in a <i>d</i>-dimensional torus: <Equation ID="Equ192"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="245_2024_10217_Article_Equ192.gif" Format="GIF" Height="37" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="558" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \frac{\partial {\varvec{y}}}{\partial t}-\mu \Delta {\varvec{y}}+({\varvec{y}}\cdot \nabla ){\varvec{y}}+\alpha {\varvec{y}}+\beta \vert {\varvec{y}}\vert ^{r-1}{\varvec{y}}+\gamma \vert {\varvec{y}}\vert ^{q-1}{\varvec{y}}+\nabla p={\varvec{g}}+{\varvec{u}},\ \nabla \cdot {\varvec{y}}=0, \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>∂</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">y</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">y</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">y</mi> </mrow> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">y</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">y</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi>β</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">y</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">y</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">y</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">y</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">g</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">u</mi> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">y</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="245_2024_10217_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="75" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d\in \{2,3\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="245_2024_10217_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="80" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu ,\alpha ,\beta &gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="245_2024_10217_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\gamma \in {\mathbb {R}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="245_2024_10217_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="89" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(r,q\in [1,\infty )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="245_2024_10217_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="71" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(r&gt;q\ge 1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We prove the exponential stabilization of CBFeD system by finite- and infinite-dimensional feedback controllers. The solvability of the controlled problem is achieved by using the abstract theory of <i>m</i>-accretive operators and density arguments. As an application of the above solvability result, by using infinite-dimensional feedback controllers, we demonstrate exponential stability results such that the solution preserves an invariance condition for a given closed and convex set. By utilizing the unique continuation property of controllability for finite-dimensional systems, we construct a finite-dimensional feedback controller which exponentially stabilizes CBFeD system locally, where the control is localized in a smaller subdomain. Furthermore, we establish the local exponential stability of CBFeD system via proportional controllers.</p>

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Feedback Stabilization of Convective Brinkman-Forchheimer Extended Darcy Equations

  • Sagar Gautam,
  • Kush Kinra,
  • Manil T. Mohan

摘要

In this article, the following controlled convective Brinkman-Forchheimer extended Darcy (CBFeD) system is considered in a d-dimensional torus: \(\begin{aligned} \frac{\partial {\varvec{y}}}{\partial t}-\mu \Delta {\varvec{y}}+({\varvec{y}}\cdot \nabla ){\varvec{y}}+\alpha {\varvec{y}}+\beta \vert {\varvec{y}}\vert ^{r-1}{\varvec{y}}+\gamma \vert {\varvec{y}}\vert ^{q-1}{\varvec{y}}+\nabla p={\varvec{g}}+{\varvec{u}},\ \nabla \cdot {\varvec{y}}=0, \end{aligned}\) y t - μ Δ y + ( y · ) y + α y + β | y | r - 1 y + γ | y | q - 1 y + p = g + u , · y = 0 , where \(d\in \{2,3\}\) d { 2 , 3 } , \(\mu ,\alpha ,\beta >0\) μ , α , β > 0 , \(\gamma \in {\mathbb {R}}\) γ R , \(r,q\in [1,\infty )\) r , q [ 1 , ) with \(r>q\ge 1\) r > q 1 . We prove the exponential stabilization of CBFeD system by finite- and infinite-dimensional feedback controllers. The solvability of the controlled problem is achieved by using the abstract theory of m-accretive operators and density arguments. As an application of the above solvability result, by using infinite-dimensional feedback controllers, we demonstrate exponential stability results such that the solution preserves an invariance condition for a given closed and convex set. By utilizing the unique continuation property of controllability for finite-dimensional systems, we construct a finite-dimensional feedback controller which exponentially stabilizes CBFeD system locally, where the control is localized in a smaller subdomain. Furthermore, we establish the local exponential stability of CBFeD system via proportional controllers.