Scholarlink

Background <p>The prevalence of gynaecomastia, a benign condition in males, is significantly impacting young, productive individuals’ physical, social, and emotional well-being. The standard surgical management, known as traditional open subcutaneous mastectomy, negatively affects self-confidence and body image as it often leaves disfiguring periareolar scars.</p> <p>This study aims to assess the short-term outcomes of gasless endoscopic surgery, with emphasis on operating time, hematoma/seroma requiring intervention, and pain. Patient satisfaction is also compared against cosmetic outcomes.</p> Methods <p>A total of 38 patients with Simon grade 2 and 3 gynaecomastia were recruited for this prospective study and divided into two groups: Group A (<i>n</i> = 15) underwent conventional subcutaneous mastectomy, while Group B (<i>n</i> = 23) underwent endoscopic gasless subcutaneous mastectomy. Operative findings, complications, and patient satisfaction were recorded and assessed at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months post-op.</p> Results <p>Excluding two patients in Group A with unilateral gynaecomastia, nearly all the participants exhibited bilateral gynaecomastia. Group A demonstrated a higher mean total breast weight compared with Group B (439.27 ± 268.91&#xa0;g vs. 413.61 ± 256.33&#xa0;g, <i>p</i> = 0.111). The mean operative duration was comparable between groups (129.33 ± 59.10&#xa0;min vs. 122.61 ± 30.84&#xa0;min, <i>p</i> = 0.297). Minimal intraoperative blood loss was observed in both groups, with similar rates of postoperative hematoma requiring intervention (13.3% vs. 13.0%, <i>p</i> = 0.979). Group A demonstrated a significantly higher rate of 1-month postoperative complications compared with Group B (66.6% vs. 21.7%, <i>p</i> = 0.049). Although no statistically significant differences were identified in BREAST-Q domain scores, patients in the endoscopic group demonstrated numerically higher psychosocial and physical well-being scores.</p> Conclusions <p>Gasless endoscopic subcutaneous mastectomy appears to be a feasible and safe minimally invasive alternative to conventional open surgery for selected patients with gynecomastia. While perioperative outcomes were generally comparable between groups, the endoscopic approach demonstrated favourable trends in patient-reported outcomes and cosmetic satisfaction. Larger studies with longer follow-up are required to validate these findings. Level of Evidence: Level III, therapeutic study.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Outcomes of endoscopic gasless subcutaneous mastectomy and conventional open surgery for gynaecomastia: a prospective study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

查看全文
  • Mee Hoong See,
  • Mei Sze Teh,
  • Lee Lee Lai,
  • Jing Hui Ng,
  • Wey Lim Yap,
  • Nur Nadheerah Abd Haleem,
  • Abqariyah Yahya Ahmad Noor

摘要

Background

The prevalence of gynaecomastia, a benign condition in males, is significantly impacting young, productive individuals’ physical, social, and emotional well-being. The standard surgical management, known as traditional open subcutaneous mastectomy, negatively affects self-confidence and body image as it often leaves disfiguring periareolar scars.

This study aims to assess the short-term outcomes of gasless endoscopic surgery, with emphasis on operating time, hematoma/seroma requiring intervention, and pain. Patient satisfaction is also compared against cosmetic outcomes.

Methods

A total of 38 patients with Simon grade 2 and 3 gynaecomastia were recruited for this prospective study and divided into two groups: Group A (n = 15) underwent conventional subcutaneous mastectomy, while Group B (n = 23) underwent endoscopic gasless subcutaneous mastectomy. Operative findings, complications, and patient satisfaction were recorded and assessed at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months post-op.

Results

Excluding two patients in Group A with unilateral gynaecomastia, nearly all the participants exhibited bilateral gynaecomastia. Group A demonstrated a higher mean total breast weight compared with Group B (439.27 ± 268.91 g vs. 413.61 ± 256.33 g, p = 0.111). The mean operative duration was comparable between groups (129.33 ± 59.10 min vs. 122.61 ± 30.84 min, p = 0.297). Minimal intraoperative blood loss was observed in both groups, with similar rates of postoperative hematoma requiring intervention (13.3% vs. 13.0%, p = 0.979). Group A demonstrated a significantly higher rate of 1-month postoperative complications compared with Group B (66.6% vs. 21.7%, p = 0.049). Although no statistically significant differences were identified in BREAST-Q domain scores, patients in the endoscopic group demonstrated numerically higher psychosocial and physical well-being scores.

Conclusions

Gasless endoscopic subcutaneous mastectomy appears to be a feasible and safe minimally invasive alternative to conventional open surgery for selected patients with gynecomastia. While perioperative outcomes were generally comparable between groups, the endoscopic approach demonstrated favourable trends in patient-reported outcomes and cosmetic satisfaction. Larger studies with longer follow-up are required to validate these findings. Level of Evidence: Level III, therapeutic study.