<p>We study the semiring <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {N}_0[\alpha ]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> as an additive monoid where <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a positive real algebraic number. In the atomic case, the atoms of <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {N}_0[\alpha ]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are precisely the powers <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha ^n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>α</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> up to a certain nonnegative integer <i>n</i>, and finite generation is governed by divisibility of the minimal polynomial by a negative-tail polynomial. Our first main result gives a complete characterization when the minimal polynomial has the form <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {m}_\alpha (X)=p_\alpha (X)-c\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">m</mi> <mi>α</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mi>α</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(c\in \mathbb {N}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Our second main result shows that finite generation forces <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to be a weak Perron number, and proves a converse under the additional assumptions that <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is an algebraic integer and the unique positive conjugate of its minimal polynomial. As an application, we analyze cubic minimal polynomials and obtain a partial classification of rank-3 monoids <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {N}_0[\alpha ]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> by generation and factorization type, including coefficient constraints, non-length-factoriality results for a large family, and examples with prescribed numbers of atoms.</p>

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Finite generation in polynomial semirings

  • Mohammad El-Asal,
  • Wael Mahboub

摘要

We study the semiring \(\mathbb {N}_0[\alpha ]\) N 0 [ α ] as an additive monoid where \(\alpha \) α is a positive real algebraic number. In the atomic case, the atoms of \(\mathbb {N}_0[\alpha ]\) N 0 [ α ] are precisely the powers \(\alpha ^n\) α n up to a certain nonnegative integer n, and finite generation is governed by divisibility of the minimal polynomial by a negative-tail polynomial. Our first main result gives a complete characterization when the minimal polynomial has the form \(\mathfrak {m}_\alpha (X)=p_\alpha (X)-c\) m α ( X ) = p α ( X ) - c with \(c\in \mathbb {N}\) c N . Our second main result shows that finite generation forces \(\alpha \) α to be a weak Perron number, and proves a converse under the additional assumptions that \(\alpha \) α is an algebraic integer and the unique positive conjugate of its minimal polynomial. As an application, we analyze cubic minimal polynomials and obtain a partial classification of rank-3 monoids \(\mathbb {N}_0[\alpha ]\) N 0 [ α ] by generation and factorization type, including coefficient constraints, non-length-factoriality results for a large family, and examples with prescribed numbers of atoms.