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<p>To ensure the safe operation of underground fire reservoirs in severe cold regions, this paper conducted a systematic study on heat transfer mechanisms and anti-freezing strategies. A multi-region coupled heat transfer model integrating indoor air, the reservoir water body, and the moist frozen soil was established. The apparent heat capacity method was employed to handle the soil water phase change. Numerical simulations revealed the temperature field evolution and freezing behavior under winter conditions. Results indicated that connecting the top air layer to the outdoors created a cold bridge effect, which intensified top-down freezing and could increase ice thickness from 0.25&#xa0;m to 1.15&#xa0;m. The water temperature exhibited significant vertical stratification, with the near-surface zone experiencing sharp fluctuations while the bottom water remained relatively stable due to the thermal inertia of the soil. A coordinated anti-freezing strategy was proposed, featuring a check valve to dynamically seal the air layer and localized sidewall insulation. Simulation verification showed that this strategy effectively reduced the boundary heat flux density, lowering the freezing ratio from 0.021% to 0.01% under an extreme low temperature of -30&#xa0;°C. This study provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for the thermal design and anti-freezing optimization of underground fire reservoirs in severe cold regions.</p>

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Study on freezing characteristics of underground fire reservoirs in severe cold regions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月26日

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  • Xinyuan Zhu,
  • Liang Tang

摘要

To ensure the safe operation of underground fire reservoirs in severe cold regions, this paper conducted a systematic study on heat transfer mechanisms and anti-freezing strategies. A multi-region coupled heat transfer model integrating indoor air, the reservoir water body, and the moist frozen soil was established. The apparent heat capacity method was employed to handle the soil water phase change. Numerical simulations revealed the temperature field evolution and freezing behavior under winter conditions. Results indicated that connecting the top air layer to the outdoors created a cold bridge effect, which intensified top-down freezing and could increase ice thickness from 0.25 m to 1.15 m. The water temperature exhibited significant vertical stratification, with the near-surface zone experiencing sharp fluctuations while the bottom water remained relatively stable due to the thermal inertia of the soil. A coordinated anti-freezing strategy was proposed, featuring a check valve to dynamically seal the air layer and localized sidewall insulation. Simulation verification showed that this strategy effectively reduced the boundary heat flux density, lowering the freezing ratio from 0.021% to 0.01% under an extreme low temperature of -30 °C. This study provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for the thermal design and anti-freezing optimization of underground fire reservoirs in severe cold regions.