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<p>This study investigates how the operating position affects the voltage, temperature, and gas convection of a xenon short arc lamp using a 3D simulation. Under constant DC current, the voltage between the anode and cathode was higher in the vertical position. As a result, the lamp’s input power and radiative energy increased. In the horizontal position, the arc expanded due to buoyancy exceeding the Lorentz force, increasing the conductance and decreasing the voltage. Buoyancy drove hot gas upward, making the upper region hotter in the horizontal mode and the lower region hotter in the vertical one. However, the average gas temperature and operating pressure were nearly identical in both positions. The gas convection was axially symmetric in the vertical position, circulating throughout the gas region, while it mainly circulated in the upper region on the cathode side in the horizontal position. The electrodes also showed directional dependence. Specifically, the cathode was hotter in the horizontal position, and the anode was hotter in the vertical one. The bulb temperature correlated with the gas temperature, but the average bulb temperature was nearly the same in both positions. These results demonstrate that the operating direction significantly affects the lamp characteristics, including light output.</p>

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Numerical investigation on effects of gravity on energy balance in a xenon short arc lamp

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月25日

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  • Shiro Maenaka,
  • Shinichi Tashiro,
  • Anthony B Murphy,
  • Kazunori Fujita,
  • Manabu Tanaka

摘要

This study investigates how the operating position affects the voltage, temperature, and gas convection of a xenon short arc lamp using a 3D simulation. Under constant DC current, the voltage between the anode and cathode was higher in the vertical position. As a result, the lamp’s input power and radiative energy increased. In the horizontal position, the arc expanded due to buoyancy exceeding the Lorentz force, increasing the conductance and decreasing the voltage. Buoyancy drove hot gas upward, making the upper region hotter in the horizontal mode and the lower region hotter in the vertical one. However, the average gas temperature and operating pressure were nearly identical in both positions. The gas convection was axially symmetric in the vertical position, circulating throughout the gas region, while it mainly circulated in the upper region on the cathode side in the horizontal position. The electrodes also showed directional dependence. Specifically, the cathode was hotter in the horizontal position, and the anode was hotter in the vertical one. The bulb temperature correlated with the gas temperature, but the average bulb temperature was nearly the same in both positions. These results demonstrate that the operating direction significantly affects the lamp characteristics, including light output.