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<p>To enhance the extraction efficiency of patchouli essential oil via hydrodistillation this study systematically investigated the effects of key process parameters on extraction yield. Single-factor experiments were first conducted to analyze the influence of extraction time (30 to 150&#xa0;min), solid-liquid ratio (1:14 to 1:25), soaking time (30 to 150&#xa0;min), and raw material particle size (0.2 to 1.0&#xa0;mm) on overall mass transfer performance during extraction. After determining the optimal ranges for each parameter, the three significantly influential variables—extraction time, solid-liquid ratio, and soaking time—were selected for focused optimization. A Box-Behnken design combined with response surface methodology was employed to construct a quadratic polynomial regression model describing the individual and interactive effects of these parameters on essential oil yield. Among the main factors analyzed, <i>x</i><sub>1</sub> and <i>x</i><sub>3</sub> showed significant effects (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), while x<sub>2</sub> (solid-liquid ratio) did not exhibit statistical significance within the experimental range studied (<i>p</i> ≈ 0.3196). None of the interaction terms were statistically significant (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Notably, the quadratic terms demonstrated highly significant contributions to the response (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). The response surface optimization yielded optimal extraction conditions: extraction time of 130&#xa0;min, solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:18&#xa0;g : mL, soaking time of 88&#xa0;min, and a fixed raw material particle size of 0.2&#xa0;mm to ensure stable heat and mass transfer conditions. Under these optimized conditions, the actual patchouli essential oil yield reached 1.21%, closely matching the predicted value and validating the model’s reliability and practicality. These findings provide scientific basis and technical guidance for enhancing hydrodistillation efficiency, holding positive implications for advancing the industrial production of patchouli essential oil in fragrance, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors.</p>

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Process optimization of hydrodistillation using response surface methodology: a case study of patchouli essential oil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Kangning Xiong,
  • Sitong Xu,
  • Huifang Xu,
  • Zhen Wang,
  • Yubo Li

摘要

To enhance the extraction efficiency of patchouli essential oil via hydrodistillation this study systematically investigated the effects of key process parameters on extraction yield. Single-factor experiments were first conducted to analyze the influence of extraction time (30 to 150 min), solid-liquid ratio (1:14 to 1:25), soaking time (30 to 150 min), and raw material particle size (0.2 to 1.0 mm) on overall mass transfer performance during extraction. After determining the optimal ranges for each parameter, the three significantly influential variables—extraction time, solid-liquid ratio, and soaking time—were selected for focused optimization. A Box-Behnken design combined with response surface methodology was employed to construct a quadratic polynomial regression model describing the individual and interactive effects of these parameters on essential oil yield. Among the main factors analyzed, x1 and x3 showed significant effects (p < 0.05), while x2 (solid-liquid ratio) did not exhibit statistical significance within the experimental range studied (p ≈ 0.3196). None of the interaction terms were statistically significant (p > 0.05). Notably, the quadratic terms demonstrated highly significant contributions to the response (p < 0.01). The response surface optimization yielded optimal extraction conditions: extraction time of 130 min, solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:18 g : mL, soaking time of 88 min, and a fixed raw material particle size of 0.2 mm to ensure stable heat and mass transfer conditions. Under these optimized conditions, the actual patchouli essential oil yield reached 1.21%, closely matching the predicted value and validating the model’s reliability and practicality. These findings provide scientific basis and technical guidance for enhancing hydrodistillation efficiency, holding positive implications for advancing the industrial production of patchouli essential oil in fragrance, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors.