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<p>A two-dimensional axisymmetric phase-field model incorporating the Kistler dynamic contact angle model is developed to analyze the single droplet impact process on different surfaces. By explicitly incorporating contact angle hysteresis (<i>CAH)</i>, this study comprehensively examines its effects on the spreading dynamics, with a focus on the maximum/minimum spreading coefficients, interface morphology evolution, and temperature field development. Besides, the influences of Weber number and wall curvature (concave vs. convex) on droplet impact behavior within the deposition regime are systematically discussed, covering a range of <i>We</i> number from 2.0 to 31.6 and <i>Re</i> number from 552 to 2210. The results show that increasing <i>CAH</i> will suppress spreading and reduce retraction completeness. An increment of <i>CAH</i> from 10° to 40° results in a 6.3% decrease in the maximum spreading coefficient and 56.6% increase in the minimum spreading coefficient during retraction. Larger <i>CAH</i> enhances droplet stability, and shortens oscillation time by dissipating kinetic energy more efficiently during retraction. Higher <i>We</i> numbers promote heat transfer by increasing spreading area, though excessive <i>We</i> may induce edge film thickening or fragmentation. Additionally, for the curved surface cases, the convex surfaces exhibit a 1.1% larger maximum spreading diameter than the concave surfaces, while both cases reduce temperature rise compared to a flat surface.</p>

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Numerical study of the single droplet impact characteristics on hot surface with dynamic contact angle model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月25日

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  • Bin Yin,
  • Xue Chen,
  • Shibo Cheng,
  • JianXu Zheng,
  • Chuang Sun,
  • Haifeng Sun

摘要

A two-dimensional axisymmetric phase-field model incorporating the Kistler dynamic contact angle model is developed to analyze the single droplet impact process on different surfaces. By explicitly incorporating contact angle hysteresis (CAH), this study comprehensively examines its effects on the spreading dynamics, with a focus on the maximum/minimum spreading coefficients, interface morphology evolution, and temperature field development. Besides, the influences of Weber number and wall curvature (concave vs. convex) on droplet impact behavior within the deposition regime are systematically discussed, covering a range of We number from 2.0 to 31.6 and Re number from 552 to 2210. The results show that increasing CAH will suppress spreading and reduce retraction completeness. An increment of CAH from 10° to 40° results in a 6.3% decrease in the maximum spreading coefficient and 56.6% increase in the minimum spreading coefficient during retraction. Larger CAH enhances droplet stability, and shortens oscillation time by dissipating kinetic energy more efficiently during retraction. Higher We numbers promote heat transfer by increasing spreading area, though excessive We may induce edge film thickening or fragmentation. Additionally, for the curved surface cases, the convex surfaces exhibit a 1.1% larger maximum spreading diameter than the concave surfaces, while both cases reduce temperature rise compared to a flat surface.