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<p>Buildings account for a significant share of global energy consumption, with heating and cooling demands driving high carbon emissions and environmental impact. This study investigates the potential of phase change material (PCM)-based windows as a passive cooling solution to reduce indoor temperatures and minimize energy consumption. Experimental and numerical analyses were conducted using paraffin wax as the PCM, comparing conventional windows, PCM-filled windows, and PCM-filled windows with copper tubes. Results indicate that PCM-filled windows lower indoor temperatures by up to 12&#xa0;°C compared to conventional windows, while the integration of copper tubes accelerates the solidification process by 27%. Heat transfer analysis reveals a 40% reduction in the heat transfer coefficient and a higher heat flux of 130.06 Wm<sup>− 2</sup> for PCM-filled windows, compared to 81.16 Wm<sup>− 2</sup> for conventional glazing. Numerical simulations using ANSYS Fluent validate these findings, with a minor 3% deviation in liquid fraction from experimental results. These findings underscore the enhanced thermal performance of PCM-based windows, demonstrating their potential for energy-efficient building design and sustainable cooling applications.</p>

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PCM-integrated windows for enhanced passive cooling: an experimental and numerical investigation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月17日

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  • Abu Summama Sadavi Bilal,
  • Sohaib Mazhar Bhutta,
  • Inaam Ullah Mesum,
  • Muhammad Waseem,
  • Muhammad Umar Munir,
  • Khalid S. Almaary,
  • Rida Fatima

摘要

Buildings account for a significant share of global energy consumption, with heating and cooling demands driving high carbon emissions and environmental impact. This study investigates the potential of phase change material (PCM)-based windows as a passive cooling solution to reduce indoor temperatures and minimize energy consumption. Experimental and numerical analyses were conducted using paraffin wax as the PCM, comparing conventional windows, PCM-filled windows, and PCM-filled windows with copper tubes. Results indicate that PCM-filled windows lower indoor temperatures by up to 12 °C compared to conventional windows, while the integration of copper tubes accelerates the solidification process by 27%. Heat transfer analysis reveals a 40% reduction in the heat transfer coefficient and a higher heat flux of 130.06 Wm− 2 for PCM-filled windows, compared to 81.16 Wm− 2 for conventional glazing. Numerical simulations using ANSYS Fluent validate these findings, with a minor 3% deviation in liquid fraction from experimental results. These findings underscore the enhanced thermal performance of PCM-based windows, demonstrating their potential for energy-efficient building design and sustainable cooling applications.