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<p>The hadal zone, extending from 6000 to 11,000&#xa0;m in depth, poses extreme environmental challenges such as high hydrostatic pressure, scarce food availability, and low temperatures, which demand specialized survival strategies from resident organisms. In this study, we performed comprehensive metabolomic analyses on the gut tissues of one deep-sea amphipod species (<i>Eurythenes magellanicus</i>) and three hadal amphipod species (<i>Hirondellea gigas</i>, <i>Scopelocheirus schellenbergi</i>, and <i>Alicella gigantea</i>), revealing clear metabolic divergences both among species and between hadal and deep-sea lineages. Notably, 66 metabolites were consistently more abundant in the hadal species, reflecting pronounced lipid-related pathways, including steroid hormone biosynthesis and cholinergic synapse signaling. A deeper focus on lipid metabolites uncovered a strong correlation among these lipids essential for maintaining membrane integrity and signal transduction under extreme pressure. Furthermore, a direct comparison between the “super giant” <i>A. gigantea</i> and the smaller sized <i>S. schellenbergi</i> indicated distinct enhancements in lipid metabolism and glycerophospholipid pathways, highlighting species-specific evolutionary adaptations to deep-sea environments. Taken together, these findings underscore the remarkable metabolic complexity and plasticity of hadal amphipods, shedding light on their shared and unique biochemical strategies for survival in one of Earth’s most inhospitable habitats, with important implications for stress tolerance, evolutionary processes, and ecological function in the deepest regions of the ocean.</p>

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Metabolomic analysis of hadal amphipod guts provides insights into adaptive mechanisms for hadal environments

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月2日

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  • Yian Huo,
  • Jiulin Chan,
  • Boyu Chen,
  • Shouwen Jiang,
  • Binbin Pan,
  • Qianghua Xu

摘要

The hadal zone, extending from 6000 to 11,000 m in depth, poses extreme environmental challenges such as high hydrostatic pressure, scarce food availability, and low temperatures, which demand specialized survival strategies from resident organisms. In this study, we performed comprehensive metabolomic analyses on the gut tissues of one deep-sea amphipod species (Eurythenes magellanicus) and three hadal amphipod species (Hirondellea gigas, Scopelocheirus schellenbergi, and Alicella gigantea), revealing clear metabolic divergences both among species and between hadal and deep-sea lineages. Notably, 66 metabolites were consistently more abundant in the hadal species, reflecting pronounced lipid-related pathways, including steroid hormone biosynthesis and cholinergic synapse signaling. A deeper focus on lipid metabolites uncovered a strong correlation among these lipids essential for maintaining membrane integrity and signal transduction under extreme pressure. Furthermore, a direct comparison between the “super giant” A. gigantea and the smaller sized S. schellenbergi indicated distinct enhancements in lipid metabolism and glycerophospholipid pathways, highlighting species-specific evolutionary adaptations to deep-sea environments. Taken together, these findings underscore the remarkable metabolic complexity and plasticity of hadal amphipods, shedding light on their shared and unique biochemical strategies for survival in one of Earth’s most inhospitable habitats, with important implications for stress tolerance, evolutionary processes, and ecological function in the deepest regions of the ocean.