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<p>Over the past several decades, coral reefs have faced a multitude of environmental stressors, resulting in major bleaching events all over the globe. Chemical stressors remain highly understudied in regards to their impact on the health of reef-building corals. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are an expanding class of industrial chemicals that have high persistence in the environment, with many suspected adverse health impacts in vertebrate and invertebrate species. Unfortunately, there are little ecotoxicological data demonstrating possible impacts of PFAS on scleractinian corals with symbiotic algae, and there is no relevant literature that investigates their impact on coral larvae. Coral larvae are at high risk for PFAS exposure as they spend a prolonged period of dispersal drifting through the surface water prior to metamorphosis/settlement. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of acute perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) exposure on symbiotic and aposymbiotic <i>Acropora</i> aff. <i>tenuis</i> larvae to better understand possible ecosystem level impacts of PFAS exposure on coral reefs. Impacts to symbiont acquisition, metamorphosis, and lipidome of the larvae were investigated. Exposure to as low as 1&#xa0;mg/L PFOS for 24-h decreased symbiont uptake in <i>A.</i> aff. <i>tenuis</i> larvae (p &lt; 0.05). Further research is necessary to understand possible impacts of PFOS on metamorphosis of coral larvae. Additionally, significant alterations to the lipidome were detected following exposure to approximately 1.0&#xa0;mg/L and approximately 6.7&#xa0;mg/L PFOS in symbiotic <i>A.</i> aff. <i>tenuis</i> larvae, though no impact was detected in aposymbiotic <i>A. tenuis</i> larvae. Future research is needed to understand the impact of PFAS on the symbiotic relationship between the algae and corals as well PFAS impacts on free living Symbiodiniaceae.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Effects of PFOS on larval symbiont acquisition, lipidome, and metamorphosis of an Acropora coral

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月24日

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  • Kaylie Anne Costa,
  • Saki Harii,
  • Camden G. Camacho,
  • Jessica Donaldson,
  • Jeffrey Jolly,
  • Shannon McMahon,
  • Timothy Ravasi,
  • John A. Bowden

摘要

Over the past several decades, coral reefs have faced a multitude of environmental stressors, resulting in major bleaching events all over the globe. Chemical stressors remain highly understudied in regards to their impact on the health of reef-building corals. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are an expanding class of industrial chemicals that have high persistence in the environment, with many suspected adverse health impacts in vertebrate and invertebrate species. Unfortunately, there are little ecotoxicological data demonstrating possible impacts of PFAS on scleractinian corals with symbiotic algae, and there is no relevant literature that investigates their impact on coral larvae. Coral larvae are at high risk for PFAS exposure as they spend a prolonged period of dispersal drifting through the surface water prior to metamorphosis/settlement. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of acute perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) exposure on symbiotic and aposymbiotic Acropora aff. tenuis larvae to better understand possible ecosystem level impacts of PFAS exposure on coral reefs. Impacts to symbiont acquisition, metamorphosis, and lipidome of the larvae were investigated. Exposure to as low as 1 mg/L PFOS for 24-h decreased symbiont uptake in A. aff. tenuis larvae (p < 0.05). Further research is necessary to understand possible impacts of PFOS on metamorphosis of coral larvae. Additionally, significant alterations to the lipidome were detected following exposure to approximately 1.0 mg/L and approximately 6.7 mg/L PFOS in symbiotic A. aff. tenuis larvae, though no impact was detected in aposymbiotic A. tenuis larvae. Future research is needed to understand the impact of PFAS on the symbiotic relationship between the algae and corals as well PFAS impacts on free living Symbiodiniaceae.

Graphical abstract