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<p>Heat treatment is a widely used method to enhance the dimensional stability of wood, yet the relative contributions of hygroscopicity and deformation sensitivity to this improvement unclear. This study systematically investigates how these factors influence the dimensional stability of latewood (LW) and earlywood (EW) in Chinese fir subject to heat treatment at 180, 200, and 220&#xa0;°C. Full-field in-plane strain responses were quantified using digital image correlation, and transverse hygro-deformation was visualized based on Greenhill’s theory. The dimensional changes of EW and LW per unit change in moisture content—i.e., the shrinking and swelling coefficients—were also quantified. Chemical and structural changes, including hemicelluloses degradation, lignin enrichment, and hydroxyl groups reduction, led to increased crystallinity and decreased hygroscopicity. Heat-treated wood showed reduced dimensional changes in both radial and tangential directions, particularly in LW. The shrinking coefficient significantly decreased after heat treatment, while the swelling coefficient remained relatively stable. Desorption and absorption isotherms revealed reduced sorption hysteresis as well as swelling hysteresis, particularly above 10% moisture content. Two-dimensional visualizations demonstrated an overall reduction in in-plane deformation although anatomical anisotropy remained. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying dimensional stabilization in heat-treated wood and offer guidance for optimizing the heat treatment process.</p>

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Dimensional stability of heat-treated wood: effects of hygroscopicity and hygro-deformation sensitivity in earlywood and latewood

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月13日

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  • Wendi Wang,
  • Tao Shi,
  • Luyao Chen,
  • Hui Peng,
  • Jianxiong Lyu,
  • Tianyi Zhan

摘要

Heat treatment is a widely used method to enhance the dimensional stability of wood, yet the relative contributions of hygroscopicity and deformation sensitivity to this improvement unclear. This study systematically investigates how these factors influence the dimensional stability of latewood (LW) and earlywood (EW) in Chinese fir subject to heat treatment at 180, 200, and 220 °C. Full-field in-plane strain responses were quantified using digital image correlation, and transverse hygro-deformation was visualized based on Greenhill’s theory. The dimensional changes of EW and LW per unit change in moisture content—i.e., the shrinking and swelling coefficients—were also quantified. Chemical and structural changes, including hemicelluloses degradation, lignin enrichment, and hydroxyl groups reduction, led to increased crystallinity and decreased hygroscopicity. Heat-treated wood showed reduced dimensional changes in both radial and tangential directions, particularly in LW. The shrinking coefficient significantly decreased after heat treatment, while the swelling coefficient remained relatively stable. Desorption and absorption isotherms revealed reduced sorption hysteresis as well as swelling hysteresis, particularly above 10% moisture content. Two-dimensional visualizations demonstrated an overall reduction in in-plane deformation although anatomical anisotropy remained. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying dimensional stabilization in heat-treated wood and offer guidance for optimizing the heat treatment process.