<p>The nitration reaction makes it possible to depolymerize the structures of condensed lignin to produce valuable chemical products. The physicochemical properties data of lignin nitro derivatives are necessary for their use. The nitrolignins were obtained on the basis of a slightly altered sample of dioxane lignin extracted from spruce wood. Water and ethanol solutions of nitric acid were used as nitrating agents. Changes in the elemental and functional composition, macromolecular, acid-base, redox, and electrophysical properties of lignin were determined by a complex of analytical methods. Characteristic changes in the conductive and dielectric properties of nitrolignins in the range of lower and medium frequencies of the electric field from 10^− 2 to 10³ Hz have been established. The interrelation of the functional nature and physicochemical properties of lignin was shown.</p>