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<p>Biological deposition is commonly observed on wooden shipwrecks. This study employs analytical techniques, including optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier infrared transform spectroscopy (FTIR), to investigate the microscopic morphology and structural composition of barnacles and their adhesion to the wooden surface of the Yangtze Estuary II shipwreck. Results indicate that microorganisms like diatoms and <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. were present at the interface between the barnacles and the wooden surface. These microorganisms played a crucial role in the formation of SiO<sub>2</sub>, CaHPO<sub>4</sub>•2(H<sub>2</sub>O), FeO(OH) and CaCO<sub>3</sub>. Specifically, the bio-mineralized cell walls of diatoms and their cellular contents, including polyphosphates, provided the necessary Si and P for SiO<sub>2</sub> and CaHPO<sub>4</sub>•2(H<sub>2</sub>O), respectively. Furthermore, during their metabolic processes, diatoms and <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. supply dissolved Fe ions, which contribute to the formation of FeO(OH) on the wooden surface. This study elucidates four types of bio-mineralized products resulting from microbial activity on the salvaged wooden shipwreck.</p>

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Analysis of biological adhesion and biomineralization products on the Yangtze Estuary II shipwreck

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月10日

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  • Meng Zhao,
  • Hao Zhou,
  • He Huang,
  • Jing Zhao,
  • Qiang Li,
  • Hongjie Luo

摘要

Biological deposition is commonly observed on wooden shipwrecks. This study employs analytical techniques, including optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier infrared transform spectroscopy (FTIR), to investigate the microscopic morphology and structural composition of barnacles and their adhesion to the wooden surface of the Yangtze Estuary II shipwreck. Results indicate that microorganisms like diatoms and Trichoderma spp. were present at the interface between the barnacles and the wooden surface. These microorganisms played a crucial role in the formation of SiO2, CaHPO4•2(H2O), FeO(OH) and CaCO3. Specifically, the bio-mineralized cell walls of diatoms and their cellular contents, including polyphosphates, provided the necessary Si and P for SiO2 and CaHPO4•2(H2O), respectively. Furthermore, during their metabolic processes, diatoms and Trichoderma spp. supply dissolved Fe ions, which contribute to the formation of FeO(OH) on the wooden surface. This study elucidates four types of bio-mineralized products resulting from microbial activity on the salvaged wooden shipwreck.