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<p>Sub-millimetre resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveal detailed patterns of inter- and intra-muscular fat (IMF) enabled by recent segmentation algorithms. However, clinical relevance of finer IMF streaks, beyond definite deposits, remains unclear. T1-weighted spin-echo MRI was acquired in the AMBERS (Appendicular Muscle and Bone Extension Research Study; calves from community-based females) and OAI (Osteoarthritis Initiative; thighs from disease-focused males and females) cohorts, including adults 45–85&#xa0;years old. Thigh and calf MR images were segmented using the iterative threshold-seeking algorithm to quantify definite versus thinner streaks, with 3D connectivity verification, and partial volume correction. Absolute and relative IMF volumes were derived. Lower-extremity physical function and activities of daily living (ADL) were assessed contemporaneously. Clinical sensitivity was evaluated using multivariable linear regression relating IMF volumes to demographics, physical function, and ADLs. Among 385 adults (89% female; age 71.6 ± 7.6&#xa0;years; body mass index (BMI) 28.1 ± 4.9&#xa0;kg/m<sup>2</sup>; IMF% 19.75 ± 4.1%), higher IMF% was associated with older age (1.5–2.7% per 10&#xa0;years), female sex (3.8 [1.8, 5.8]%), and higher BMI (1.9–6.2% per 10&#xa0;kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Negative associations with physical function and ADLs were strongest for definite IMF streaks, with more consistent effects at the calf than thigh. Thinner IMF streaks were less sensitive to physical function but unexpectedly showed beneficial links to ADL. High-resolution MRI-derived IMF is clinically sensitive to demographics and physical functional. Thinner IMF streaks, potentially representing greater dynamics of muscle fat turnover, may confer benefits for daily function, yet most clinical protocols fail to capture them.</p>

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Clinical Sensitivity of Sub-millimetre-resolution Definite Versus Thin Inter-/Intramuscular Fat Streaks from Calf and Thigh MRI

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月16日

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  • Kenneth Tam,
  • Si Wen Liu,
  • Sarah Costa Ianes,
  • Eva Szabo,
  • Shannon Reitsma,
  • Hana Gillick,
  • Jonathan D. Adachi,
  • Andy Kin On Wong

摘要

Sub-millimetre resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveal detailed patterns of inter- and intra-muscular fat (IMF) enabled by recent segmentation algorithms. However, clinical relevance of finer IMF streaks, beyond definite deposits, remains unclear. T1-weighted spin-echo MRI was acquired in the AMBERS (Appendicular Muscle and Bone Extension Research Study; calves from community-based females) and OAI (Osteoarthritis Initiative; thighs from disease-focused males and females) cohorts, including adults 45–85 years old. Thigh and calf MR images were segmented using the iterative threshold-seeking algorithm to quantify definite versus thinner streaks, with 3D connectivity verification, and partial volume correction. Absolute and relative IMF volumes were derived. Lower-extremity physical function and activities of daily living (ADL) were assessed contemporaneously. Clinical sensitivity was evaluated using multivariable linear regression relating IMF volumes to demographics, physical function, and ADLs. Among 385 adults (89% female; age 71.6 ± 7.6 years; body mass index (BMI) 28.1 ± 4.9 kg/m2; IMF% 19.75 ± 4.1%), higher IMF% was associated with older age (1.5–2.7% per 10 years), female sex (3.8 [1.8, 5.8]%), and higher BMI (1.9–6.2% per 10 kg/m2). Negative associations with physical function and ADLs were strongest for definite IMF streaks, with more consistent effects at the calf than thigh. Thinner IMF streaks were less sensitive to physical function but unexpectedly showed beneficial links to ADL. High-resolution MRI-derived IMF is clinically sensitive to demographics and physical functional. Thinner IMF streaks, potentially representing greater dynamics of muscle fat turnover, may confer benefits for daily function, yet most clinical protocols fail to capture them.