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<p>The concurrent effects of volitional breathing on motor-related brain regions have been documented in several studies, but it remains uncertain whether its after-effects influence neural processes involved in motor preparation. This study investigated whether a brief slow-paced breathing intervention alters the dynamics of the Bereitschaftspotential (BP) preceding voluntary movement. Thirty healthy participants were randomly assigned to a slow-paced breathing (SB) group (<i>n</i> = 15), who performed 5&#xa0;min of 0.1-Hz breathing, or to a resting breathing (RB) group (<i>n</i> = 15). Before and after the intervention, participants executed self-paced isometric right index finger abductions while electroencephalography, electromyography, force output, end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO<sub>2</sub>), and alertness were recorded. ETCO<sub>2</sub> was also monitored during the intervention. BP amplitudes were quantified for the early component associated with the supplementary motor area (Cz and Fz; − 800 to − 500 ms) and the late component associated with the primary motor cortex (C3; − 300 to 0 ms). Mixed-design ANOVAs revealed significant Group × Phase interactions for both early and late BP components (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), with increased negativity after the intervention only in the SB group. Normalized electromyographic activity and force output remained unchanged, and subjective alertness showed a small overall decline that did not differ between groups. Within the SB group, lower absolute ETCO<sub>2</sub> levels during the intervention were associated with a more negative early BP amplitude after the intervention (ρ = 0.521, <i>p</i> = 0.049), whereas no correlation was found for the late BP. These findings suggest that a short session of SB enhances preparatory cortical activity, reflected in increased early and late BP components. Early BP enhancement was linked to lower ETCO<sub>2</sub> levels during the breathing task, indicating modulation of supplementary motor area excitability. SB may offer a simple, noninvasive means to alter cortical preparatory states.</p>

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After-effects of slow-paced breathing on the Bereitschaftspotential preceding voluntary movement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月7日

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  • Tatsuya Iwabe,
  • Akari Miyakawa,
  • Ayumi Mochida,
  • Satoshi Sakuraba,
  • Susumu Yoshida

摘要

The concurrent effects of volitional breathing on motor-related brain regions have been documented in several studies, but it remains uncertain whether its after-effects influence neural processes involved in motor preparation. This study investigated whether a brief slow-paced breathing intervention alters the dynamics of the Bereitschaftspotential (BP) preceding voluntary movement. Thirty healthy participants were randomly assigned to a slow-paced breathing (SB) group (n = 15), who performed 5 min of 0.1-Hz breathing, or to a resting breathing (RB) group (n = 15). Before and after the intervention, participants executed self-paced isometric right index finger abductions while electroencephalography, electromyography, force output, end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2), and alertness were recorded. ETCO2 was also monitored during the intervention. BP amplitudes were quantified for the early component associated with the supplementary motor area (Cz and Fz; − 800 to − 500 ms) and the late component associated with the primary motor cortex (C3; − 300 to 0 ms). Mixed-design ANOVAs revealed significant Group × Phase interactions for both early and late BP components (p < 0.01), with increased negativity after the intervention only in the SB group. Normalized electromyographic activity and force output remained unchanged, and subjective alertness showed a small overall decline that did not differ between groups. Within the SB group, lower absolute ETCO2 levels during the intervention were associated with a more negative early BP amplitude after the intervention (ρ = 0.521, p = 0.049), whereas no correlation was found for the late BP. These findings suggest that a short session of SB enhances preparatory cortical activity, reflected in increased early and late BP components. Early BP enhancement was linked to lower ETCO2 levels during the breathing task, indicating modulation of supplementary motor area excitability. SB may offer a simple, noninvasive means to alter cortical preparatory states.