<p>The uniform even subgraph is intimately related to the Ising model, the random-cluster model, the random current model, and the loop <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2025_5297_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{O}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mtext>O</mtext> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>(1) model. In this paper, we first prove that the uniform even subgraph of <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2025_5297_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {Z}^d\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> percolates for <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2025_5297_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d \ge 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> using its characterisation as the Haar measure on the group of even graphs. We then tighten the result by showing that the loop <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2025_5297_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{O}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mtext>O</mtext> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>(1) model on <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2025_5297_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {Z}^d\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> percolates for <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2025_5297_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d \ge 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for edge-weights <i>x</i> lying in some interval <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2025_5297_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="64" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((1-\varepsilon ,1]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>ε</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Finally, our main theorem is that the loop <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2025_5297_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{O}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mtext>O</mtext> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>(1) model and random current models corresponding to a supercritical Ising model are always at least critical, in the sense that their two-point correlation functions decay at most polynomially and the expected cluster sizes are infinite.</p>

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The Uniform Even Subgraph and Its Connection to Phase Transitions of Graphical Representations of the Ising Model

  • Ulrik Thinggaard Hansen,
  • Boris Kjær,
  • Frederik Ravn Klausen

摘要

The uniform even subgraph is intimately related to the Ising model, the random-cluster model, the random current model, and the loop \(\textrm{O}\) O (1) model. In this paper, we first prove that the uniform even subgraph of \(\mathbb {Z}^d\) Z d percolates for \(d \ge 2\) d 2 using its characterisation as the Haar measure on the group of even graphs. We then tighten the result by showing that the loop \(\textrm{O}\) O (1) model on \(\mathbb {Z}^d\) Z d percolates for \(d \ge 2\) d 2 for edge-weights x lying in some interval \((1-\varepsilon ,1]\) ( 1 - ε , 1 ] . Finally, our main theorem is that the loop \(\textrm{O}\) O (1) model and random current models corresponding to a supercritical Ising model are always at least critical, in the sense that their two-point correlation functions decay at most polynomially and the expected cluster sizes are infinite.