<p>We study the geometry of integrable systems of hydrodynamic type of the form <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2025_5262_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="92" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(w_t=X\circ w_x\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>w</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo>∘</mo> <msub> <mi>w</mi> <mi>x</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> where <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2025_5262_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="9" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="12" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\circ \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>∘</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the product of a regular F-manifold. In the first part of the paper, we present a general construction of a connection compatible with the F-manifold structure starting from a frame of vector fields defining commuting flows of hydrodynamic type. In the second part of the paper, using this construction, we study regular F-manifolds with compatible connection and Euler vector field, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2025_5262_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="81" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((\nabla ,\circ ,e,E)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mo>∘</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>e</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, associated with integrable hierarchies obtained from the solutions of the equation <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2025_5262_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="88" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d\cdot d_L \,a_0=0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>·</mo> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mi>L</mi> </msub> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> where <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2025_5262_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="59" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L=E\circ \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In particular, we show that <i>n</i>-dimensional F-manifolds associated to regular operators <i>L</i> are classified by <i>n</i> arbitrary functions of a single variable. Moreover, we show that flat connections <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2025_5262_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\nabla \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> correspond to linear solutions <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2025_5262_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a_0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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Integrable Hierarchies and F-Manifolds with Compatible Connection

  • Paolo Lorenzoni,
  • Sara Perletti,
  • Karoline van Gemst

摘要

We study the geometry of integrable systems of hydrodynamic type of the form \(w_t=X\circ w_x\) w t = X w x where \(\circ \) is the product of a regular F-manifold. In the first part of the paper, we present a general construction of a connection compatible with the F-manifold structure starting from a frame of vector fields defining commuting flows of hydrodynamic type. In the second part of the paper, using this construction, we study regular F-manifolds with compatible connection and Euler vector field, \((\nabla ,\circ ,e,E)\) ( , , e , E ) , associated with integrable hierarchies obtained from the solutions of the equation \(d\cdot d_L \,a_0=0\) d · d L a 0 = 0 where \(L=E\circ \) L = E . In particular, we show that n-dimensional F-manifolds associated to regular operators L are classified by n arbitrary functions of a single variable. Moreover, we show that flat connections \(\nabla \) correspond to linear solutions \(a_0\) a 0 .