<p>Let <i>H</i> be an infinite dimensional separable Hilbert space and <i>B</i>(<i>H</i>) the <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2024_5218_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C^*\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-algebra&#xa0; of bounded operators on <i>H</i>. Suppose that <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2024_5218_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="89" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T_1,T_2,..., T_n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are self-adjoint operators in <i>B</i>(<i>H</i>). We show that, if commutators <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="220_2024_5218_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="48" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\([T_i, T_j]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are sufficiently small in norm, then “Approximately Macroscopically Unique" states always exist for any values in a synthetic spectrum of the <i>n</i>-tuple of self-adjoint operators. This is achieved under the circumstance for which the <i>n</i>-tuple may not be approximated by commuting ones. This answers a question proposed by David Mumford for measurements in quantum theory. If commutators are not small in norm but small modulo compact operators, then “Approximate Macroscopic Uniqueness" states also exist.</p>

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Existence of Approximately Macroscopically Unique States

  • Huaxin Lin

摘要

Let H be an infinite dimensional separable Hilbert space and B(H) the \(C^*\) C -algebra  of bounded operators on H. Suppose that \(T_1,T_2,..., T_n\) T 1 , T 2 , . . . , T n are self-adjoint operators in B(H). We show that, if commutators \([T_i, T_j]\) [ T i , T j ] are sufficiently small in norm, then “Approximately Macroscopically Unique" states always exist for any values in a synthetic spectrum of the n-tuple of self-adjoint operators. This is achieved under the circumstance for which the n-tuple may not be approximated by commuting ones. This answers a question proposed by David Mumford for measurements in quantum theory. If commutators are not small in norm but small modulo compact operators, then “Approximate Macroscopic Uniqueness" states also exist.