<p>Bee products, recognized for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anticancer properties, have seen a significant rise in global consumption. Despite their value, regular safety and monitoring assessments are lacking, leading to an increase in adulteration. This fraudulent practice negatively impacts the bee product industry by undermining consumer trust, causing market losses, and potentially harming consumer health. This review discussed the authenticity and adulteration of bee products. Authenticity, on the other hand, is defined as the analyses conducted during production and processing to confirm the geographical and botanical origins, as well as the quality of the bee products. Adulteration, often a result of human manipulation, involves the addition of foreign substances to bee products. Spectroscopic techniques including; gas chromatography (GC–MS/MS), ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (1D, 2D-NMR), Ultraviolet (UV), and Infrared (IR) have been used in in quality assessments and authentication of bee products. The application of analytical chemistry, such as LC–MS/MS, NMR, GC–MS/MS, UV, and IR, could provide valuable insights into the detection of foreign materials added to bee products. Authorities must take swift action to prevent the production, trade, and marketing of adulterated bee products and to identify harmful adulterants in the market.</p>

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Bee products quality, authenticity and adulteration using metabolomics approaches

  • Hesham R. El-Seedi,
  • Aida A. Abd El-Wahed,
  • Nizar Elias,
  • Shaden H. El-Seedi,
  • Yousif Assiri,
  • Syed G. Musharraf,
  • Aamer Saeed,
  • Maria Daglia,
  • Daijie Wang,
  • Lutfun Nahar,
  • Hongcheng Zhang,
  • Shaden A. M. Khalifa

摘要

Bee products, recognized for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anticancer properties, have seen a significant rise in global consumption. Despite their value, regular safety and monitoring assessments are lacking, leading to an increase in adulteration. This fraudulent practice negatively impacts the bee product industry by undermining consumer trust, causing market losses, and potentially harming consumer health. This review discussed the authenticity and adulteration of bee products. Authenticity, on the other hand, is defined as the analyses conducted during production and processing to confirm the geographical and botanical origins, as well as the quality of the bee products. Adulteration, often a result of human manipulation, involves the addition of foreign substances to bee products. Spectroscopic techniques including; gas chromatography (GC–MS/MS), ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (1D, 2D-NMR), Ultraviolet (UV), and Infrared (IR) have been used in in quality assessments and authentication of bee products. The application of analytical chemistry, such as LC–MS/MS, NMR, GC–MS/MS, UV, and IR, could provide valuable insights into the detection of foreign materials added to bee products. Authorities must take swift action to prevent the production, trade, and marketing of adulterated bee products and to identify harmful adulterants in the market.