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<p>The rising global burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) highlights the need for affordable and sustainable dietary strategies for its prevention and management. Concurrently, fruit processing industries generate substantial quantities of nutrient–rich agri–food byproducts, including peels, seeds, pomace, and pulp, which are often underutilized despite their high bioactive compounds. This review examines the potential of fruit–derived by–products as sources of antidiabetic bioactives, focusing on their compositional characteristics, key biological mechanisms, and prospects for incorporation into functional foods. Bioactive compounds such as ellagitannins, gallic acid, mangiferin, and naringin are discussed in relation to their ability to modulate carbohydrate metabolism, insulin signaling pathways, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota. Emphasis is placed on high–impact by–products, including pomegranate peel, grape pomace, apple pomace, and citrus albedo. Evidence from in vitro, animal, and limited human studies is critically evaluated, recognizing that clinical validation in humans remains emerging. The review further addresses challenges related to bioavailability, food formulation, safety, and regulatory compliance, noting that most functional food applications are currently confined to laboratory– or pilot–scale development. Finally, the role of fruit by–product valorization within circular economy (CE) frameworks is highlighted, and future research directions are outlined, including structure–function relationships, well–designed clinical trials, and the development of standardized formulations to support targeted dietary interventions for T2DM.</p>

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Fruit peel–derived bioactives for type 2 diabetes management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月28日

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  • Samandeep Kaur,
  • Vikrant Singh,
  • Lovepreet Singh

摘要

The rising global burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) highlights the need for affordable and sustainable dietary strategies for its prevention and management. Concurrently, fruit processing industries generate substantial quantities of nutrient–rich agri–food byproducts, including peels, seeds, pomace, and pulp, which are often underutilized despite their high bioactive compounds. This review examines the potential of fruit–derived by–products as sources of antidiabetic bioactives, focusing on their compositional characteristics, key biological mechanisms, and prospects for incorporation into functional foods. Bioactive compounds such as ellagitannins, gallic acid, mangiferin, and naringin are discussed in relation to their ability to modulate carbohydrate metabolism, insulin signaling pathways, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota. Emphasis is placed on high–impact by–products, including pomegranate peel, grape pomace, apple pomace, and citrus albedo. Evidence from in vitro, animal, and limited human studies is critically evaluated, recognizing that clinical validation in humans remains emerging. The review further addresses challenges related to bioavailability, food formulation, safety, and regulatory compliance, noting that most functional food applications are currently confined to laboratory– or pilot–scale development. Finally, the role of fruit by–product valorization within circular economy (CE) frameworks is highlighted, and future research directions are outlined, including structure–function relationships, well–designed clinical trials, and the development of standardized formulations to support targeted dietary interventions for T2DM.