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<p>Grape cultivar, environmental factors and climate change, especially temperature fluctuations, significantly affect the quality and chemical composition of grape, particularly its phenolic compounds profile and consequently its health benefits. This three-year (2020, 2021 and 2022) study aimed to analyze the phenolic composition of hydroethanolic extracts obtained from grape vegetal tissues (skins, seeds and stems) from four red grape cultivars (‘Cabernet Franc’, ‘Pedral’, ‘Tinta da Barca’ and ‘Alfrocheiro’) from the Douro region and evaluate their antiradical and antibacterial capacity against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>. Seeds contained hydroxybenzoic acid and flavan-3-ols, ‘Cabernet Franc’ 2020 having the highest total phenolic content reaching up to 18.0&#xa0;mg g⁻¹ (lyophilized extract), while skins were the richest in flavonols, such as quercetin derivatives, and anthocyanins, particularly malvidin-3-<i>O</i>-glucoside. Stems contained mainly phenolic acids and flavan-3-ols, with flavonoid contents up to 11.3&#xa0;mg g⁻. Hydroethanolic extracts from red grape seeds and skins displayed strong antiradical capacity against <sup><b>•</b></sup>NO and O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup>, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.20 to 0.68&#xa0;mg mL⁻¹. The antimicrobial activity of grape extracts varied according to the harvest year and grape tissue, seed extracts being most effective, particularly against <i>L. monocytogenes</i>, showing inhibition at extract concentrations between 25–100 µg mL⁻¹. The strongest antibacterial activity was observed for samples harvested in 2021, with a decline in effectiveness in 2022. In the obtained results, the potential of grape by-products as a source of bioactive compounds, such as antimicrobial activity, suggesting their possible applications in nutraceuticals, natural food preservation strategies, or sanitizers. However, these findings should be interpreted as preliminary, and further studies, including direct comparisons with conventional antimicrobials and bioavailability assessments, are required to evaluate their practical applicability.</p>

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A 3-year study of phenolic compounds in Douro-origin red grapes: HPLC characterization and in vitro bioactivity assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月26日

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  • Adriana Silva,
  • Raquel Martins,
  • Fátima Fernandes,
  • Vanessa Silva,
  • Rosa Carvalho,
  • Alfredo Aires,
  • Gilberto Igrejas,
  • Patrícia Valentão,
  • Virgílio Falco,
  • Patrícia Poeta

摘要

Grape cultivar, environmental factors and climate change, especially temperature fluctuations, significantly affect the quality and chemical composition of grape, particularly its phenolic compounds profile and consequently its health benefits. This three-year (2020, 2021 and 2022) study aimed to analyze the phenolic composition of hydroethanolic extracts obtained from grape vegetal tissues (skins, seeds and stems) from four red grape cultivars (‘Cabernet Franc’, ‘Pedral’, ‘Tinta da Barca’ and ‘Alfrocheiro’) from the Douro region and evaluate their antiradical and antibacterial capacity against Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Seeds contained hydroxybenzoic acid and flavan-3-ols, ‘Cabernet Franc’ 2020 having the highest total phenolic content reaching up to 18.0 mg g⁻¹ (lyophilized extract), while skins were the richest in flavonols, such as quercetin derivatives, and anthocyanins, particularly malvidin-3-O-glucoside. Stems contained mainly phenolic acids and flavan-3-ols, with flavonoid contents up to 11.3 mg g⁻. Hydroethanolic extracts from red grape seeds and skins displayed strong antiradical capacity against •NO and O2•−, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.20 to 0.68 mg mL⁻¹. The antimicrobial activity of grape extracts varied according to the harvest year and grape tissue, seed extracts being most effective, particularly against L. monocytogenes, showing inhibition at extract concentrations between 25–100 µg mL⁻¹. The strongest antibacterial activity was observed for samples harvested in 2021, with a decline in effectiveness in 2022. In the obtained results, the potential of grape by-products as a source of bioactive compounds, such as antimicrobial activity, suggesting their possible applications in nutraceuticals, natural food preservation strategies, or sanitizers. However, these findings should be interpreted as preliminary, and further studies, including direct comparisons with conventional antimicrobials and bioavailability assessments, are required to evaluate their practical applicability.