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<p>Although often treated as agricultural waste, stone fruit seeds are now being explored for their valuable bioactive oils, with promising nutraceutical applications. This research focused on the extraction, characterization, and nutraceutical potential of stone fruit oils obtained from the Kashmir Valley (Jammu and Kashmir, Himalayas). Physicochemical evaluation showed following values of parameters for fresh apricot, cherry and peach seed oils (1.74 ± 0.15&#xa0;mg/g, 7.45 ± 0.32&#xa0;mg/g and 3.28 ± 0.20&#xa0;mg/g acid value; 5.08 ± 0.10, 7.2 ± 0.43and 5.4 ± 0.56 meq.peroxide/ kg peroxide value; 6.57 ± 0.20, 9.18 ± 0.23 and 7.60 ± 0.50 micromoles malondialdehyde per gram (MDA/g) thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value, respectively. Free radical scavenging activity measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay ranged from a low of 86.77 ± 0.22% for cherry seed oil to 96.25 ± 0.85% for apricot oil. A similar trend was observed for reducing power and metal chelation activity with values ranging from 63.79 ± 0.50 to 76.29 ± 0.55 AAE/g and 1.06 ± 0.02 to 1.67 ± 0.05%, respectively. UV-absorption analysis of the seed oils showed the absorption bands for apricot (215&#xa0;nm, 250&#xa0;nm and 265&#xa0;nm), cherry (210&#xa0;nm, 220&#xa0;nm, 230&#xa0;nm) and peach (210&#xa0;nm, 250&#xa0;nm and 260&#xa0;nm)], indicating high absorbances in UV-B ranges allied with different concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids present in fruit seed oils. Quantification of the phytoconstituents in the seed oil by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) allowed the identification of 70 compounds in apricot, 34 in cherry and 85 in peach oils including bioactive constituents such as phytosterols (campesterol, gamma-sitosterol, beta-sitosterol acetate, 3, 5-proggesterol acetate, gamma tocopherol), squalene, eicosane and oleic acid. The percent α-amylase inhibition of samples varied from 42.65 to 52.8% and alpha-glucosidase inhibition from 32.90 to 34.60%, at 50&#xa0;µl/mL sample concentration, respectively, highlighting potential anti-diabetic effects. The DNA damage assay demonstrated the protective properties of oil samples against radical-induced DNA damage, with cherry seed oil showing a significant effect. The results emphasize the potential of stone fruit seed oils as rich sources of natural antioxidants and compounds with anti-diabetic properties. Utilizing these oils can support sustainable waste management while promoting the development of functional food ingredients from largely untapped natural resources.</p>

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Unlocking the physicochemical and nutraceutical potential of oil from underutilized stone fruits for their sustainable utilization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月3日

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  • Adil Gani,
  • Romee Jan,
  • Asima Shah,
  • Irfan Ahmad Raina

摘要

Although often treated as agricultural waste, stone fruit seeds are now being explored for their valuable bioactive oils, with promising nutraceutical applications. This research focused on the extraction, characterization, and nutraceutical potential of stone fruit oils obtained from the Kashmir Valley (Jammu and Kashmir, Himalayas). Physicochemical evaluation showed following values of parameters for fresh apricot, cherry and peach seed oils (1.74 ± 0.15 mg/g, 7.45 ± 0.32 mg/g and 3.28 ± 0.20 mg/g acid value; 5.08 ± 0.10, 7.2 ± 0.43and 5.4 ± 0.56 meq.peroxide/ kg peroxide value; 6.57 ± 0.20, 9.18 ± 0.23 and 7.60 ± 0.50 micromoles malondialdehyde per gram (MDA/g) thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value, respectively. Free radical scavenging activity measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay ranged from a low of 86.77 ± 0.22% for cherry seed oil to 96.25 ± 0.85% for apricot oil. A similar trend was observed for reducing power and metal chelation activity with values ranging from 63.79 ± 0.50 to 76.29 ± 0.55 AAE/g and 1.06 ± 0.02 to 1.67 ± 0.05%, respectively. UV-absorption analysis of the seed oils showed the absorption bands for apricot (215 nm, 250 nm and 265 nm), cherry (210 nm, 220 nm, 230 nm) and peach (210 nm, 250 nm and 260 nm)], indicating high absorbances in UV-B ranges allied with different concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids present in fruit seed oils. Quantification of the phytoconstituents in the seed oil by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) allowed the identification of 70 compounds in apricot, 34 in cherry and 85 in peach oils including bioactive constituents such as phytosterols (campesterol, gamma-sitosterol, beta-sitosterol acetate, 3, 5-proggesterol acetate, gamma tocopherol), squalene, eicosane and oleic acid. The percent α-amylase inhibition of samples varied from 42.65 to 52.8% and alpha-glucosidase inhibition from 32.90 to 34.60%, at 50 µl/mL sample concentration, respectively, highlighting potential anti-diabetic effects. The DNA damage assay demonstrated the protective properties of oil samples against radical-induced DNA damage, with cherry seed oil showing a significant effect. The results emphasize the potential of stone fruit seed oils as rich sources of natural antioxidants and compounds with anti-diabetic properties. Utilizing these oils can support sustainable waste management while promoting the development of functional food ingredients from largely untapped natural resources.