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<p>Terroir represents the interplay of environmental factors that govern the phenotypic and chemical attributes of grape wines. This review elucidates the influence of climatic conditions, soil characteristics, and topographical features on the chemical composition of wines, emphasizing volatile compounds, phenolic compounds, and organic acids. Climatic parameters, including temperature and solar radiation, modulate grapevine physiology, impacting sugar accumulation, phenolic synthesis, and organic acid degradation. Soil attributes, such as mineralogy and organic matter content, significantly affect nutrient uptake and subsequent secondary metabolite production in grapes. The concept of micro-terroirs, wherein small-scale variations in soil composition, water availability, and microclimate result in perceptible differences in wine chemistry, is examined. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the chemical and environmental determinants of terroir, offering a comprehensive perspective on these factors converge to shape the sensory attributes of grape wines. Future research directions are proposed, with an emphasis on quantifying the influence of terroir and leveraging technological advances to deepen our understanding of the chemical complexity inherent in wines.</p>

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Terroir unveiled: the interplay of environment, microbes, and craft in wine making

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月29日

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  • D. Priyadharshini,
  • I. Muthuvel,
  • S. Saraswathy,
  • M. Balakrishnan,
  • M. Raveendran,
  • A. Ramalakshmi

摘要

Terroir represents the interplay of environmental factors that govern the phenotypic and chemical attributes of grape wines. This review elucidates the influence of climatic conditions, soil characteristics, and topographical features on the chemical composition of wines, emphasizing volatile compounds, phenolic compounds, and organic acids. Climatic parameters, including temperature and solar radiation, modulate grapevine physiology, impacting sugar accumulation, phenolic synthesis, and organic acid degradation. Soil attributes, such as mineralogy and organic matter content, significantly affect nutrient uptake and subsequent secondary metabolite production in grapes. The concept of micro-terroirs, wherein small-scale variations in soil composition, water availability, and microclimate result in perceptible differences in wine chemistry, is examined. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the chemical and environmental determinants of terroir, offering a comprehensive perspective on these factors converge to shape the sensory attributes of grape wines. Future research directions are proposed, with an emphasis on quantifying the influence of terroir and leveraging technological advances to deepen our understanding of the chemical complexity inherent in wines.