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<p>The increasing environmental contamination by phenolic compounds such as 2-aminophenol (2-AP) and bisphenol A (BPA) demands sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective detection methods. In this work, we report a novel electrochemical sensor based on a bismuth oxychloride nanoparticle–modified carbon paste electrode (BiOCl NPs/CPE) for the sensitive determination of 2-AP in the presence of BPA. The sensor exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of 2-AP and enabled clear discrimination of its oxidation signal from that of BPA due to the well-separated oxidation peaks. BiOCl NPs were synthesized via a simple one-pot precipitation method at ambient conditions and characterized by XRD, SEM, and EDX, confirming a highly crystalline tetragonal phase with a flower-like hierarchical morphology composed of nanoflakes. The modified electrode exhibited a significantly enhanced electroactive surface area (0.093 cm<sup>2</sup>) compared to the bare CPE (0.015 cm<sup>2</sup>). The electrochemical oxidation of 2-AP at BiOCl NPs/CPE was found to be a diffusion-controlled, two-electron irreversible process based on scan rate and pH studies. Under optimized differential pulse voltammetric conditions, the sensor achieved a wide linear range of 0.008–35.0&#xa0;µM for 2-AP with a low detection limit of 2.0&#xa0;nM (S/N = 3). Furthermore, the influence of BPA on the voltammetric response of 2-AP was evaluated, and the sensor exhibited well-resolved oxidation peaks, demonstrating its capability for selective determination of 2-AP in the presence of BPA. The sensor demonstrated excellent reproducibility (RSD 2.57%), repeatability (RSD 1.82%), and long-term stability (95% retention after 30&#xa0;days). Moreover, the BiOCl NPs/CPE showed outstanding selectivity against common inorganic ions and structurally related phenolic compounds. Practical applicability was validated by analyzing real water samples (tap, mineral, and Nile River water) with satisfactory recoveries ranging from 94.8 to 103.2%. These results indicate that the BiOCl NPs/CPE platform offers a compelling combination of high sensitivity, operational simplicity, and robustness, making it a promising electrochemical sensor for environmental monitoring of phenolic pollutants.</p>

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Synergistic electrocatalytic effect of hierarchical bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) nanoparticles for voltammetric determination of 2-aminophenol in the presence of bisphenol A

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Ahmed A. Shamroukh,
  • Ahmed R. Tawfik,
  • Asmaa A. Khodari,
  • Hassan M. A. Salman,
  • Hytham F. Assaf

摘要

The increasing environmental contamination by phenolic compounds such as 2-aminophenol (2-AP) and bisphenol A (BPA) demands sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective detection methods. In this work, we report a novel electrochemical sensor based on a bismuth oxychloride nanoparticle–modified carbon paste electrode (BiOCl NPs/CPE) for the sensitive determination of 2-AP in the presence of BPA. The sensor exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of 2-AP and enabled clear discrimination of its oxidation signal from that of BPA due to the well-separated oxidation peaks. BiOCl NPs were synthesized via a simple one-pot precipitation method at ambient conditions and characterized by XRD, SEM, and EDX, confirming a highly crystalline tetragonal phase with a flower-like hierarchical morphology composed of nanoflakes. The modified electrode exhibited a significantly enhanced electroactive surface area (0.093 cm2) compared to the bare CPE (0.015 cm2). The electrochemical oxidation of 2-AP at BiOCl NPs/CPE was found to be a diffusion-controlled, two-electron irreversible process based on scan rate and pH studies. Under optimized differential pulse voltammetric conditions, the sensor achieved a wide linear range of 0.008–35.0 µM for 2-AP with a low detection limit of 2.0 nM (S/N = 3). Furthermore, the influence of BPA on the voltammetric response of 2-AP was evaluated, and the sensor exhibited well-resolved oxidation peaks, demonstrating its capability for selective determination of 2-AP in the presence of BPA. The sensor demonstrated excellent reproducibility (RSD 2.57%), repeatability (RSD 1.82%), and long-term stability (95% retention after 30 days). Moreover, the BiOCl NPs/CPE showed outstanding selectivity against common inorganic ions and structurally related phenolic compounds. Practical applicability was validated by analyzing real water samples (tap, mineral, and Nile River water) with satisfactory recoveries ranging from 94.8 to 103.2%. These results indicate that the BiOCl NPs/CPE platform offers a compelling combination of high sensitivity, operational simplicity, and robustness, making it a promising electrochemical sensor for environmental monitoring of phenolic pollutants.