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<p>A hybrid electrode integrating cobalt disulfide (CoS<sub>2</sub>) nanosheets with high-surface-area Ketjen black (KB) was developed for the electrochemical detection of sertraline hydrochloride&#xa0;(SER), a widely prescribed antidepressant increasingly found as an environmental contaminant. CoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets synthesized hydrothermally at 180 °C exhibited well-defined crystalline features and a nanosheet morphology confirmed via detailed characterizations. The incorporation of KB provided enhanced conductivity and active interfacial sites, yielding a synergistic hybrid surface with improved electron transfer kinetics. The optimized KB + CoS<sub>2</sub>-modified screen-printed carbon electrode demonstrated a sharp oxidation peak corresponding to the two-electron, two-proton transformation of SER, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0037 nM with a wide linear range of 1 nM–1 µM. The sensor displayed remarkable reproducibility (RSD = 1.32%) and high recovery of 108–123% and 103–110.6% in surface water and wastewater samples, respectively. This study highlights the interfacial synergy of KB and CoS<sub>2</sub> as a promising route toward an efficient, scalable, and sustainable electrochemical platform for pharmaceutical residue monitoring.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Interfacial synergy in a CoS2/Ketjen black hybrid electrode enabling electrochemical detection of sertraline hydrochloride

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月17日

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  • Meltem Okan,
  • Vildan Sanko,
  • H. Cumhur Tekin,
  • Haluk Külah

摘要

A hybrid electrode integrating cobalt disulfide (CoS2) nanosheets with high-surface-area Ketjen black (KB) was developed for the electrochemical detection of sertraline hydrochloride (SER), a widely prescribed antidepressant increasingly found as an environmental contaminant. CoS2 nanosheets synthesized hydrothermally at 180 °C exhibited well-defined crystalline features and a nanosheet morphology confirmed via detailed characterizations. The incorporation of KB provided enhanced conductivity and active interfacial sites, yielding a synergistic hybrid surface with improved electron transfer kinetics. The optimized KB + CoS2-modified screen-printed carbon electrode demonstrated a sharp oxidation peak corresponding to the two-electron, two-proton transformation of SER, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0037 nM with a wide linear range of 1 nM–1 µM. The sensor displayed remarkable reproducibility (RSD = 1.32%) and high recovery of 108–123% and 103–110.6% in surface water and wastewater samples, respectively. This study highlights the interfacial synergy of KB and CoS2 as a promising route toward an efficient, scalable, and sustainable electrochemical platform for pharmaceutical residue monitoring.

Graphical Abstract