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<p>Photon density wave (PDW) spectroscopy is a calibration-free method for the simultaneous, absolute, and independent quantification of the optical absorption coefficient and the reduced scattering coefficient of highly light scattering materials. It allows for dilution-free particle sizing in concentrated liquid systems. Thus, it is beneficial as an inline process analytical technology (PAT). A brief comparison to other particle sizing technologies, the theoretical background of PDW spectroscopy, the current technical status, and limitations and technical challenges are reviewed. In addition, a comparative overview of the recent applications of PDW spectroscopy as PAT for chemical, biotechnological, and food processing is provided.</p>

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Photon density wave spectroscopy as process analytical technology: a review of recent advances in technology and application

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月6日

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  • Thomas Schiewe,
  • Aaron Justin Koenig,
  • Björn Weiske,
  • Roland Hass

摘要

Photon density wave (PDW) spectroscopy is a calibration-free method for the simultaneous, absolute, and independent quantification of the optical absorption coefficient and the reduced scattering coefficient of highly light scattering materials. It allows for dilution-free particle sizing in concentrated liquid systems. Thus, it is beneficial as an inline process analytical technology (PAT). A brief comparison to other particle sizing technologies, the theoretical background of PDW spectroscopy, the current technical status, and limitations and technical challenges are reviewed. In addition, a comparative overview of the recent applications of PDW spectroscopy as PAT for chemical, biotechnological, and food processing is provided.