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Rationale <p>The Immediate Extinction Deficit (IED) refers to impaired extinction consolidation when training occurs shortly after Pavlovian fear conditioning. Although IED has been extensively studied using footshock, it remains unclear whether similar deficits arise when more naturalistic threats are used as the unconditioned stimulus (US). Clarifying IED under such conditions is crucial for developing ecologically valid models of trauma.</p> Objectives <p>This study examined whether IED occurs following fear conditioning with a predator-like chasing robot and investigated infralimbic (IL) prefrontal cortex activity as a neural correlate of IED using fiber photometry.</p> Results <p>In Experiment 1, Male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to immediate extinction (15-min interval) exhibited higher freezing and emitted more 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations than those receiving delayed extinction (24-hr interval), replicating the IED phenomenon previously observed with footshock. The delayed group showed successful extinction and context-dependent renewal. In Experiment 2, calcium imaging revealed significantly reduced IL activity in the immediate extinction group during extinction, retention, and renewal, consistent with impaired fear suppression.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings extend IED to the circumstances involving naturalistic threat and reveal its association with prefrontal hypoactivity. The results illustrate the importance of extinction timing and neural state in optimizing behavioral interventions for trauma-related disorders.</p>

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Prefrontal hypoactivity correlates with immediate extinction deficit following Pavlovian fear conditioning with a chasing threat

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月26日

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  • Kyeong Im Jo,
  • Ji Hoon Jeong,
  • June-Seek Choi

摘要

Rationale

The Immediate Extinction Deficit (IED) refers to impaired extinction consolidation when training occurs shortly after Pavlovian fear conditioning. Although IED has been extensively studied using footshock, it remains unclear whether similar deficits arise when more naturalistic threats are used as the unconditioned stimulus (US). Clarifying IED under such conditions is crucial for developing ecologically valid models of trauma.

Objectives

This study examined whether IED occurs following fear conditioning with a predator-like chasing robot and investigated infralimbic (IL) prefrontal cortex activity as a neural correlate of IED using fiber photometry.

Results

In Experiment 1, Male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to immediate extinction (15-min interval) exhibited higher freezing and emitted more 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations than those receiving delayed extinction (24-hr interval), replicating the IED phenomenon previously observed with footshock. The delayed group showed successful extinction and context-dependent renewal. In Experiment 2, calcium imaging revealed significantly reduced IL activity in the immediate extinction group during extinction, retention, and renewal, consistent with impaired fear suppression.

Conclusions

These findings extend IED to the circumstances involving naturalistic threat and reveal its association with prefrontal hypoactivity. The results illustrate the importance of extinction timing and neural state in optimizing behavioral interventions for trauma-related disorders.