Rationale <p>Stimulant drugs increase objective indices of reward-related behavior, including willingness to expend effort for reward, and also produce feelings of well-being and positive mood. However, it is not known to what extent these different measures are related to each other.</p> Objectives <p>The present study was designed to assess the relationship between the behavioral measure of effort expenditure and positive subjective responses to methamphetamine (MA).</p> Methods <p>96 healthy adults completed the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT) during two laboratory sessions after receiving 20&#xa0;mg MA or placebo (PL) under double blind conditions. They also self-reported their mood states and drug effects.</p> Results <p>MA (vs. PL) increased willingness to complete a high effort/high reward option vs. a low effort/low reward option during the EEfRT (<i>N</i> = 96), and this effect was greater in participants with low effort at baseline. A subjective value modeling analysis (<i>N</i> = 91) showed that MA decreased sensitivity to the perceived cost of effort for the low baseline performance group only. MA also increased self-reported positive affect (euphoria; <i>N</i> = 94, liking the drug; <i>N</i> = 92) in the full sample, but this increase was unrelated to either baseline EEfRT performance or MA-induced EEfRT performance changes (<i>N</i> = 91).</p> Conclusions <p>As reported previously, MA increased choice of the high effort/high reward option, particularly in participants with low effort at baseline, who also showed drug-induced changes in effort sensitivity. These behavioral effects were not related to drug liking and drug-induced euphoria. These findings suggest that the effects of stimulants on reward-related behavior and mood are dissociable.</p>