<p>We study the topology of the boundaries <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\partial F_{f}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>∂</mi> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mi>f</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\partial F_{I}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>∂</mi> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mi>I</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of the Milnor fibers <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(F_{f}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mi>f</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(F_{I},\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mi>I</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> respectively, of real analytic map-germs <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f{:}\,(\mathbb {R}^M,0) \rightarrow (\mathbb {R}^K,0)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>M</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>K</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f_{I}:=\Pi _{I}\circ f{:}\,(\mathbb {R}^M,0) \rightarrow (\mathbb {R}^I,0)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mi>I</mi> </msub> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Π</mi> <mi>I</mi> </msub> <mo>∘</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>M</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>I</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> that admit Milnor’s tube fibrations, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Pi _{I}{:}\,({\mathbb {R}}^K,0)\rightarrow ({\mathbb {R}}^{I},0)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Π</mi> <mi>I</mi> </msub> <mo>:</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>K</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>I</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the canonical projection for <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1\le I&lt;K.\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>I</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> For each <i>I</i> we prove that the Milnor boundary <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\partial F_{I}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>∂</mi> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mi>I</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is given by the double of the Milnor tube fiber <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(F_{I+1}.\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow> <mi>I</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> Beside that, if <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(K-I\ge 2,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>K</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>I</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> we prove that the pair <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((\partial F_{I},\partial F_{f})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>∂</mi> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mi>I</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∂</mi> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mi>f</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a generalized <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((K-I-1)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>I</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-open-book decomposition with binding <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\partial F_{f}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>∂</mi> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mi>f</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and page <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(F_{f}{\setminus }\partial F_{f}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mi>f</mi> </msub> <mo lspace="0.15em" rspace="0.15em" stretchy="false">\</mo> <mi>∂</mi> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mi>f</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>—the interior of the Milnor fibre <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(F_{f}.\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mi>f</mi> </msub> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> This allows us to prove several new Euler characteristic formulae connecting the Milnor boundaries <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\partial F_{f},\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>∂</mi> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mi>f</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> <InlineEquation ID="IEq18"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\partial F_{I},\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>∂</mi> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mi>I</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with the respective links <InlineEquation ID="IEq19"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {L}_{f}, \mathcal {L}_{I},\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mi>f</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mi>I</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for each <InlineEquation ID="IEq20"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1\le I&lt;K,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>I</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and a Lê–Greuel type formula for the Milnor boundary.</p>

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On the topology of the Milnor boundary for real analytic singularities

  • R. Araújo dos Santos,
  • A. Menegon,
  • M. Ribeiro,
  • J. Seade,
  • I. D. Santamaria Guarín

摘要

We study the topology of the boundaries \(\partial F_{f}\) F f and \(\partial F_{I}\) F I of the Milnor fibers \(F_{f}\) F f and \(F_{I},\) F I , respectively, of real analytic map-germs \(f{:}\,(\mathbb {R}^M,0) \rightarrow (\mathbb {R}^K,0)\) f : ( R M , 0 ) ( R K , 0 ) and \(f_{I}:=\Pi _{I}\circ f{:}\,(\mathbb {R}^M,0) \rightarrow (\mathbb {R}^I,0)\) f I : = Π I f : ( R M , 0 ) ( R I , 0 ) that admit Milnor’s tube fibrations, where \(\Pi _{I}{:}\,({\mathbb {R}}^K,0)\rightarrow ({\mathbb {R}}^{I},0)\) Π I : ( R K , 0 ) ( R I , 0 ) is the canonical projection for \(1\le I<K.\) 1 I < K . For each I we prove that the Milnor boundary \(\partial F_{I}\) F I is given by the double of the Milnor tube fiber \(F_{I+1}.\) F I + 1 . Beside that, if \(K-I\ge 2,\) K - I 2 , we prove that the pair \((\partial F_{I},\partial F_{f})\) ( F I , F f ) is a generalized \((K-I-1)\) ( K - I - 1 ) -open-book decomposition with binding \(\partial F_{f}\) F f and page \(F_{f}{\setminus }\partial F_{f}\) F f \ F f —the interior of the Milnor fibre \(F_{f}.\) F f . This allows us to prove several new Euler characteristic formulae connecting the Milnor boundaries \(\partial F_{f},\) F f , \(\partial F_{I},\) F I , with the respective links \(\mathcal {L}_{f}, \mathcal {L}_{I},\) L f , L I , for each \(1\le I<K,\) 1 I < K , and a Lê–Greuel type formula for the Milnor boundary.