<p>In this paper, we consider the <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="209_2025_3826_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="186" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L_x^p({\mathbb {R}}^2)\rightarrow L_{x,u}^q({\mathbb {R}}^2\times [1,2])\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msubsup> <mi>L</mi> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> <mi>q</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>×</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> estimate for the operator <i>T</i> along a dilated plane curve <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="209_2025_3826_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="80" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((ut,u\gamma (t)),\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mi>γ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> where <Equation ID="Equ35"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="209_2025_3826_Article_Equ35.gif" Format="GIF" Height="44" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="296" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Tf(x,u):=\int _{0}^{1}f(x_1-ut,x_2-u \gamma (t))\,{\textrm{d}}t,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mn>1</mn> </msubsup> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mi>γ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mtext>d</mtext> <mi>t</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation><InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="209_2025_3826_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="89" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(x:=(x_1,x_2)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="209_2025_3826_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\gamma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>γ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a general plane curve satisfying some suitable smoothness and curvature conditions. We show that <i>T</i> is <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="209_2025_3826_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="49" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L_x^p({\mathbb {R}}^2)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="209_2025_3826_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="112" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L_{x,u}^q({\mathbb {R}}^2\times [1,2])\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>L</mi> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> <mi>q</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>×</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> bounded whenever <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="209_2025_3826_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="25" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="220" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((\frac{1}{p},\frac{1}{q})\in \square \cup \{(0,0)\}\cup \{(\frac{2}{3},\frac{1}{3})\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>p</mi> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>q</mi> </mfrac> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>∈</mo> <mo>□</mo> <mo>∪</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mo>∪</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>2</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="209_2025_3826_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="25" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="166" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1+(1 +\omega )(\frac{1}{q}-\frac{1}{p})&gt;0,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>q</mi> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>p</mi> </mfrac> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> where the trapezium <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="209_2025_3826_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="25" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="346" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\square :=\{(\frac{1}{p},\frac{1}{q}):\ \frac{2}{p}-1\le \frac{1}{q}\le \frac{1}{p}, \frac{1}{q}&gt;\frac{1}{3p}, \frac{1}{q}&gt;\frac{1}{p}-\frac{1}{3}\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>□</mo> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>p</mi> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>q</mi> </mfrac> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>:</mo> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mfrac> <mn>2</mn> <mi>p</mi> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>q</mi> </mfrac> <mo>≤</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>p</mi> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>q</mi> </mfrac> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>q</mi> </mfrac> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>p</mi> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="209_2025_3826_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="25" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="167" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\omega :=\limsup _{t\rightarrow 0^{+}}\frac{\ln |\gamma (t)|}{\ln t}.\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ω</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo movablelimits="true">lim sup</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msup> <mn>0</mn> <mo>+</mo> </msup> </mrow> </msub> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>ln</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>ln</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> This result is sharp except for some borderline cases. On the other hand, in a smaller <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="209_2025_3826_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="25" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="38" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((\frac{1}{p},\frac{1}{q})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>p</mi> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>q</mi> </mfrac> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> region, we also obtain the almost sharp estimate <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="209_2025_3826_Article_IEq15.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="150" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T: L_x^p({\mathbb {R}}^2)\rightarrow L_{x}^q({\mathbb {R}}^2)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mo>:</mo> <msubsup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msubsup> <mi>L</mi> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> <mi>q</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> uniformly for <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="209_2025_3826_Article_IEq16.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="69" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u\in [1,2].\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> The local smoothing phenomenon essentially suggests that integrating over a compact time interval leads to gains in regularity. Since the <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="209_2025_3826_Article_IEq17.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^q\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>q</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> integral about <i>u</i> on [1,&#xa0;2] extends the region of <InlineEquation ID="IEq18"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="209_2025_3826_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="25" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="38" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((\frac{1}{p},\frac{1}{q})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>p</mi> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>q</mi> </mfrac> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in the uniform estimate <InlineEquation ID="IEq19"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="209_2025_3826_Article_IEq19.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="155" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T: L_x^p({\mathbb {R}}^2)\rightarrow L_{x}^q({\mathbb {R}}^2),\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mo>:</mo> <msubsup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msubsup> <mi>L</mi> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> <mi>q</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> we conclude that the operator <i>T</i> has the so called local smoothing phenomenon.</p>

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\(L_x^p\rightarrow L^q_{x,u}\) estimates for dilated averages over planar curves

  • Junfeng Li,
  • Naijia Liu,
  • Zengjian Lou,
  • Haixia Yu

摘要

In this paper, we consider the \(L_x^p({\mathbb {R}}^2)\rightarrow L_{x,u}^q({\mathbb {R}}^2\times [1,2])\) L x p ( R 2 ) L x , u q ( R 2 × [ 1 , 2 ] ) estimate for the operator T along a dilated plane curve \((ut,u\gamma (t)),\) ( u t , u γ ( t ) ) , where \(Tf(x,u):=\int _{0}^{1}f(x_1-ut,x_2-u \gamma (t))\,{\textrm{d}}t,\) T f ( x , u ) : = 0 1 f ( x 1 - u t , x 2 - u γ ( t ) ) d t , \(x:=(x_1,x_2)\) x : = ( x 1 , x 2 ) and \(\gamma \) γ is a general plane curve satisfying some suitable smoothness and curvature conditions. We show that T is \(L_x^p({\mathbb {R}}^2)\) L x p ( R 2 ) to \(L_{x,u}^q({\mathbb {R}}^2\times [1,2])\) L x , u q ( R 2 × [ 1 , 2 ] ) bounded whenever \((\frac{1}{p},\frac{1}{q})\in \square \cup \{(0,0)\}\cup \{(\frac{2}{3},\frac{1}{3})\}\) ( 1 p , 1 q ) { ( 0 , 0 ) } { ( 2 3 , 1 3 ) } and \(1+(1 +\omega )(\frac{1}{q}-\frac{1}{p})>0,\) 1 + ( 1 + ω ) ( 1 q - 1 p ) > 0 , where the trapezium \(\square :=\{(\frac{1}{p},\frac{1}{q}):\ \frac{2}{p}-1\le \frac{1}{q}\le \frac{1}{p}, \frac{1}{q}>\frac{1}{3p}, \frac{1}{q}>\frac{1}{p}-\frac{1}{3}\}\) : = { ( 1 p , 1 q ) : 2 p - 1 1 q 1 p , 1 q > 1 3 p , 1 q > 1 p - 1 3 } and \(\omega :=\limsup _{t\rightarrow 0^{+}}\frac{\ln |\gamma (t)|}{\ln t}.\) ω : = lim sup t 0 + ln | γ ( t ) | ln t . This result is sharp except for some borderline cases. On the other hand, in a smaller \((\frac{1}{p},\frac{1}{q})\) ( 1 p , 1 q ) region, we also obtain the almost sharp estimate \(T: L_x^p({\mathbb {R}}^2)\rightarrow L_{x}^q({\mathbb {R}}^2)\) T : L x p ( R 2 ) L x q ( R 2 ) uniformly for \(u\in [1,2].\) u [ 1 , 2 ] . The local smoothing phenomenon essentially suggests that integrating over a compact time interval leads to gains in regularity. Since the \(L^q\) L q integral about u on [1, 2] extends the region of \((\frac{1}{p},\frac{1}{q})\) ( 1 p , 1 q ) in the uniform estimate \(T: L_x^p({\mathbb {R}}^2)\rightarrow L_{x}^q({\mathbb {R}}^2),\) T : L x p ( R 2 ) L x q ( R 2 ) , we conclude that the operator T has the so called local smoothing phenomenon.