<p>For the physical vacuum free boundary problem of the damped compressible Euler equations in both 2D and 3D, we prove the global existence of smooth solutions and justify their time-asymptotic equivalence to the corresponding Barenblatt self-similar solutions derived from the porous media equation under a Darcy’s law approximation, provided that the initial data are small perturbations of the Barenblatt solutions. Building on the 3D almost global existence result in [Zeng, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 239, 553–597 (2021)], our key contribution lies in improving the decay rate of the time derivative of the perturbation from <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$-1$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (as previously established) to <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$-1-\varepsilon $</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>ε</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for a fixed constant <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\varepsilon > 0$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ε</mi> <mo>></mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. This critical enhancement ensures time integrability and hence global existence. Together with the previous 1D result in [Luo–Zeng, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 69, 1354–1396 (2016)], the results obtained in this paper provide a complete answer to the question raised in [Liu, T.-P.: Jpn. J. Appl. Math. 13, 25–32 (1996)]. Moreover, we also consider the problem with time-dependent damping of the form <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$(1+t)^{-\lambda }$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>λ</mi> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$0< \lambda < 1$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo><</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Notably, our framework unifies the treatment of both time-dependent (<InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$0< \lambda < 1$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo><</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) and time-independent (<InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\lambda = 0$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) damping cases across dimensions. We further quantify the decay rates of the density and velocity, as well as the expansion rate of the physical vacuum boundary.</p>

Global Existence and Asymptotic Equivalence to Barenblatt-Type Solutions for the Physical Vacuum Free Boundary Problem of Damped Compressible Euler Equations in M-D

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发表日期：

2026年5月10日

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Huihui Zeng

摘要

For the physical vacuum free boundary problem of the damped compressible Euler equations in both 2D and 3D, we prove the global existence of smooth solutions and justify their time-asymptotic equivalence to the corresponding Barenblatt self-similar solutions derived from the porous media equation under a Darcy’s law approximation, provided that the initial data are small perturbations of the Barenblatt solutions. Building on the 3D almost global existence result in [Zeng, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 239, 553–597 (2021)], our key contribution lies in improving the decay rate of the time derivative of the perturbation from $-1$ $- 1$ (as previously established) to $-1-\varepsilon $ $- 1 - ε$ for a fixed constant $\varepsilon > 0$ $ε > 0$ . This critical enhancement ensures time integrability and hence global existence. Together with the previous 1D result in [Luo–Zeng, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 69, 1354–1396 (2016)], the results obtained in this paper provide a complete answer to the question raised in [Liu, T.-P.: Jpn. J. Appl. Math. 13, 25–32 (1996)]. Moreover, we also consider the problem with time-dependent damping of the form $(1+t)^{-\lambda }$ ${(1 + t)}^{- λ}$ for $0< \lambda < 1$ $0 < λ < 1$ . Notably, our framework unifies the treatment of both time-dependent ( $0< \lambda < 1$ $0 < λ < 1$ ) and time-independent ( $\lambda = 0$ $λ = 0$ ) damping cases across dimensions. We further quantify the decay rates of the density and velocity, as well as the expansion rate of the physical vacuum boundary.