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<p>Wastewater discharge from urban and industrial sources poses significant environmental problems due to elevated nutrient and heavy metal concentrations. This study was aimed to isolate and characterized native microalgae from composite wastewater for potential bioremediation of heavy metals. Domestic wastewater, textile industry effluent, and municipal drainage water samples were collected from three different locations in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India. Each wastewater source was subjected to a separate enrichment process to isolate microalgal species naturally adapted to the specific pollution conditions. Two dominant strains, <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> (RCASBTATEV25-A1) and <i>Tetradesmus obliquus</i> (RCASBTATEV25-B2) native microalgae isolated and identified through morphological observation and 18&#xa0;S rRNA gene sequencing. Growth kinetics, nutrient removal efficiency, and heavy metals biosorption were assessed by both isolated native microalgae under controlled condition (25 ± 2&#xa0;°C, 3000&#xa0;lx, 16:8&#xa0;h photoperiod) for 15 days. After 15 days of treatment, C. vulgaris showed 88% nitrate and 76% phosphate removal, which was better than the traditional activated sludge method (50–60%). Furthermore, the biomass production of 28&#xa0;mg/L/day enabled simultaneous wastewater treatment and resource recovery. Similarly, T. obliquus demonstrated biosorption capacity of 71% Cr, 68% Cu, 64% Pb for inorganic metals, showing comparable performance to synthetic adsorbents. In addition, it offers the advantages of biological recycling and low operating costs. Pseudo-second-order kinetic modeling confirmed biosorption as the primary metal removal mechanism. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy revealed metal binding through hydroxyl (3420→3380&#xa0;cm⁻¹), carboxyl (1650→1620&#xa0;cm⁻¹), and amine (1540→1520&#xa0;cm⁻¹) functional groups. This study result demonstrates that both native microalgae efficiently remediate heavy metals in wastewater, offering a sustainable, cost-effective solution for bioremediation of wastewater in South Indian climate conditions.</p>

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Isolation and characterization of indigenous microalgae from domestic, industrial, and municipal wastewaters for nutrient and heavy metal removal: a kinetic and mechanistic investigation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月7日

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  • Sivaganesh Aravindh,
  • Fernandez Rochelle,
  • Chinnasamy Kanagaraj,
  • Rajendran Manikandan,
  • S. N. Suresh

摘要

Wastewater discharge from urban and industrial sources poses significant environmental problems due to elevated nutrient and heavy metal concentrations. This study was aimed to isolate and characterized native microalgae from composite wastewater for potential bioremediation of heavy metals. Domestic wastewater, textile industry effluent, and municipal drainage water samples were collected from three different locations in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India. Each wastewater source was subjected to a separate enrichment process to isolate microalgal species naturally adapted to the specific pollution conditions. Two dominant strains, Chlorella vulgaris (RCASBTATEV25-A1) and Tetradesmus obliquus (RCASBTATEV25-B2) native microalgae isolated and identified through morphological observation and 18 S rRNA gene sequencing. Growth kinetics, nutrient removal efficiency, and heavy metals biosorption were assessed by both isolated native microalgae under controlled condition (25 ± 2 °C, 3000 lx, 16:8 h photoperiod) for 15 days. After 15 days of treatment, C. vulgaris showed 88% nitrate and 76% phosphate removal, which was better than the traditional activated sludge method (50–60%). Furthermore, the biomass production of 28 mg/L/day enabled simultaneous wastewater treatment and resource recovery. Similarly, T. obliquus demonstrated biosorption capacity of 71% Cr, 68% Cu, 64% Pb for inorganic metals, showing comparable performance to synthetic adsorbents. In addition, it offers the advantages of biological recycling and low operating costs. Pseudo-second-order kinetic modeling confirmed biosorption as the primary metal removal mechanism. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy revealed metal binding through hydroxyl (3420→3380 cm⁻¹), carboxyl (1650→1620 cm⁻¹), and amine (1540→1520 cm⁻¹) functional groups. This study result demonstrates that both native microalgae efficiently remediate heavy metals in wastewater, offering a sustainable, cost-effective solution for bioremediation of wastewater in South Indian climate conditions.