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<p><i>Heyndrickxia coagulans</i> is a probiotic strain combining features of lactic acid bacteria and spore-forming bacilli. Its extracellular metabolites (postbiotics), including bacteriocins, organic acids, and short peptides, have gained increasing interest in skincare due to their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. In this study, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> was selected as a model pathogen to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of <i>H. coagulans</i> metabolites using Oxford cup diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. A 0.5&#xa0;mg/mL sample produced a 12&#xa0;mm inhibition zone, and the MIC against <i>S. aureus</i> was determined to be 400&#xa0;µg/mL. Biofilm assays showed that all tested concentrations inhibited biofilm formation by more than 50% relative to the untreated control. Mechanistic investigations—including bacterial growth curve analysis, membrane permeability assays, and metabolic enzyme activity evaluation—demonstrated that these metabolites disrupted multiple physiological functions of <i>S. aureus</i>, exhibiting antibacterial performance approaching that of mild standard antimicrobials. Overall, this study highlights the potential of <i>H. coagulans</i> metabolites as safe and natural agents for skin health, providing a mechanistic foundation for developing functional skincare products aimed at preventing and controlling skin infections.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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The antibacterial mechanism of the extracellular product derived from Heyndrickxia coagulans against Staphylococcus aureus

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月20日

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  • Keran Jia,
  • Yaqian Yan,
  • Ji Yin,
  • Changtao Wang,
  • Dongdong Wang,
  • Dan Zhao,
  • Jiachan Zhang,
  • Meng Li

摘要

Heyndrickxia coagulans is a probiotic strain combining features of lactic acid bacteria and spore-forming bacilli. Its extracellular metabolites (postbiotics), including bacteriocins, organic acids, and short peptides, have gained increasing interest in skincare due to their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. In this study, Staphylococcus aureus was selected as a model pathogen to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of H. coagulans metabolites using Oxford cup diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. A 0.5 mg/mL sample produced a 12 mm inhibition zone, and the MIC against S. aureus was determined to be 400 µg/mL. Biofilm assays showed that all tested concentrations inhibited biofilm formation by more than 50% relative to the untreated control. Mechanistic investigations—including bacterial growth curve analysis, membrane permeability assays, and metabolic enzyme activity evaluation—demonstrated that these metabolites disrupted multiple physiological functions of S. aureus, exhibiting antibacterial performance approaching that of mild standard antimicrobials. Overall, this study highlights the potential of H. coagulans metabolites as safe and natural agents for skin health, providing a mechanistic foundation for developing functional skincare products aimed at preventing and controlling skin infections.

Graphical abstract