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<p>Bacteriophages are re-emerging as a viable approach to tackle bacterial infections in response to increasing antibiotic resistance. Addressing the global challenge of non-typhoidal salmonellosis, this study details the isolation and characterization of six phages targeting <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis and <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium. Isolated <i>Salmonella</i> Phages vB_ntSalM-cftriSP1, vB_ntSalS-cftriSP2, vB_ntSalS-cftriSP3, vB_ntSalS-cftriSP4, vB_ntSalS-cftriSP5 and vB_ntSalP-cftriSP6 showed latent periods ranging from 20 to 40&#xa0;min, with respective burst sizes of 100, 66, 218, 190, 42 and 103 PFU/CFU in one-step growth analysis. In vitro lytic activity demonstrated that at multiplicities of infection (MOI) of 1, 10, and 100, each phage consistently inhibited <i>Salmonella</i> growth. The phages exhibited a broad host range, distinct morphology, stability, lytic activity, genomic characteristics, and anti-biofilm activity. Morphological and genomic analyses classified the phages into the families <i>Ackermannviridae</i>,<i> Casjensviridae</i>,<i> and Autotranscriptaviridae</i>, with double-stranded DNA genomes ranging from 41,389&#xa0;bp to 51,048&#xa0;bp and an overall GC content of 38.25 to 44.23%. Predicted coding DNA sequences (CDS) were linked to biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. Mass spectrometric analysis identified key structural proteins, with the corresponding genes distributed throughout the genomes. Comparative genomic analysis revealed notable similarity to <i>Salmonella</i> phages Slyngel, SE1 in P22, and S149. Furthermore, treatment with the isolated phages significantly disrupted pre-formed <i>S. enterica</i> biofilms, as evidenced by a reduction in viable cell counts. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the newly characterized phages hold strong potential as effective biocontrol agents for preventing and mitigating biofilm-associated <i>Salmonella</i> contamination and its associated public health risks.</p>

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Unravelling the genomic and functional potential of bacteriophages against non-typhoidal Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • Nalina Murthy,
  • Prasansa Rai,
  • Lenita D’Souza,
  • Poornima Priyadarshini

摘要

Bacteriophages are re-emerging as a viable approach to tackle bacterial infections in response to increasing antibiotic resistance. Addressing the global challenge of non-typhoidal salmonellosis, this study details the isolation and characterization of six phages targeting Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium. Isolated Salmonella Phages vB_ntSalM-cftriSP1, vB_ntSalS-cftriSP2, vB_ntSalS-cftriSP3, vB_ntSalS-cftriSP4, vB_ntSalS-cftriSP5 and vB_ntSalP-cftriSP6 showed latent periods ranging from 20 to 40 min, with respective burst sizes of 100, 66, 218, 190, 42 and 103 PFU/CFU in one-step growth analysis. In vitro lytic activity demonstrated that at multiplicities of infection (MOI) of 1, 10, and 100, each phage consistently inhibited Salmonella growth. The phages exhibited a broad host range, distinct morphology, stability, lytic activity, genomic characteristics, and anti-biofilm activity. Morphological and genomic analyses classified the phages into the families Ackermannviridae, Casjensviridae, and Autotranscriptaviridae, with double-stranded DNA genomes ranging from 41,389 bp to 51,048 bp and an overall GC content of 38.25 to 44.23%. Predicted coding DNA sequences (CDS) were linked to biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. Mass spectrometric analysis identified key structural proteins, with the corresponding genes distributed throughout the genomes. Comparative genomic analysis revealed notable similarity to Salmonella phages Slyngel, SE1 in P22, and S149. Furthermore, treatment with the isolated phages significantly disrupted pre-formed S. enterica biofilms, as evidenced by a reduction in viable cell counts. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the newly characterized phages hold strong potential as effective biocontrol agents for preventing and mitigating biofilm-associated Salmonella contamination and its associated public health risks.