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<p>The frequency of new and re-emerging viral infections is rising, driven by shifts in environmental conditions and altered interactions between hosts, vectors, and pathogens. New treatments may be developed through a better understanding of the molecular processes underlying viral replication. The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) serves as a critical entry portal for a diverse range of infectious agents, facilitating the initiation and perpetuation of their infection cycles. Furthermore, numerous viruses, such as the dengue virus and the hepatitis C virus (HCV), depend on host cholesterol (CHO) for replication and spread. Consequently, targeting the LDLR with pharmacological agents presents a promising therapeutic strategy for a broad spectrum of viral infections, including those caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HCV, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2). In addition, human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a leading cause of respiratory infections in young children, underscoring the need for effective treatments. This research investigates the role of the LDLR in HMPV and other emerging viruses. A key finding is that HMPV infection depends on LDLR-mediated pathways, as evidenced by the rapid recovery observed after exogenous CHO administration. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of LDLR in viral entry and replication is crucial and presents a promising avenue for developing novel antiviral therapies.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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The role of low-density lipoprotein receptors in emerging and reemerging viruses: a review with examples from human metapneumovirus and beyond

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月17日

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  • Mohammed S. Nawrooz,
  • Waam Mohammed Taher,
  • Mariem Alwan,
  • Mahmood Jawad,
  • Hiba Mushtaq,
  • Omer Qutaiba B. Allela

摘要

The frequency of new and re-emerging viral infections is rising, driven by shifts in environmental conditions and altered interactions between hosts, vectors, and pathogens. New treatments may be developed through a better understanding of the molecular processes underlying viral replication. The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) serves as a critical entry portal for a diverse range of infectious agents, facilitating the initiation and perpetuation of their infection cycles. Furthermore, numerous viruses, such as the dengue virus and the hepatitis C virus (HCV), depend on host cholesterol (CHO) for replication and spread. Consequently, targeting the LDLR with pharmacological agents presents a promising therapeutic strategy for a broad spectrum of viral infections, including those caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HCV, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2). In addition, human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a leading cause of respiratory infections in young children, underscoring the need for effective treatments. This research investigates the role of the LDLR in HMPV and other emerging viruses. A key finding is that HMPV infection depends on LDLR-mediated pathways, as evidenced by the rapid recovery observed after exogenous CHO administration. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of LDLR in viral entry and replication is crucial and presents a promising avenue for developing novel antiviral therapies.

Graphical abstract