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<p>This paper investigates the transient overvoltage caused by lightning in a photovoltaic (PV)—battery energy storage (BESS) hybrid system. A hybrid system model is established under the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) software environment. High-frequency models for components in the PV-BESS hybrid system, including PV cells, inverters, cables, transformers, energy storage batteries, power conversion system (PCS) converters, and arresters, are established. Two types of overvoltages caused by lightning strikes on the PV array and on the high-voltage interconnection line are studied in depth. The transient overvoltage distribution at key components within the PV- BESS hybrid system is obtained. The dynamic attenuation process of electrical surge propagation from multi-terminal sources and loads (grid and PV) within the energy storage system and the most dangerous path leading to damage of internal key components are elucidated. The failure mechanisms of key components (low-voltage side of the energy storage transformer and high-voltage side of the PCS filter) are identified, providing technical support for overvoltage protection of core devices in PV-BESS systems.</p>

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Transient overvoltage analysis of photovoltaic-energy storage hybrid systems during lightning strikes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Yingjie Zhang,
  • Xiaolei Bi,
  • Mengbai Ma,
  • Xuan Liu,
  • Hui Jiang,
  • Yunlong Zhang,
  • Tianrun Yuan,
  • Mengke Liu,
  • Xiaobin Liu

摘要

This paper investigates the transient overvoltage caused by lightning in a photovoltaic (PV)—battery energy storage (BESS) hybrid system. A hybrid system model is established under the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) software environment. High-frequency models for components in the PV-BESS hybrid system, including PV cells, inverters, cables, transformers, energy storage batteries, power conversion system (PCS) converters, and arresters, are established. Two types of overvoltages caused by lightning strikes on the PV array and on the high-voltage interconnection line are studied in depth. The transient overvoltage distribution at key components within the PV- BESS hybrid system is obtained. The dynamic attenuation process of electrical surge propagation from multi-terminal sources and loads (grid and PV) within the energy storage system and the most dangerous path leading to damage of internal key components are elucidated. The failure mechanisms of key components (low-voltage side of the energy storage transformer and high-voltage side of the PCS filter) are identified, providing technical support for overvoltage protection of core devices in PV-BESS systems.