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<p>The advent of prosumers in the distribution network creates an environment for distributed energy trading and planning mutually beneficial operations of distributed energy resources (DERs). In this article, domestic prosumers devise an energy-cooperative trading (ECT) agreement among themselves to form a cooperative prosumers cluster (CPC). This article attempts to balance the net demand and supply within the cluster. The proposed cooperative grants incentives to prosumers participating in demand response (DR) using a logarithmic barrier function. The entire cooperative is implemented on an Ethereum blockchain for trading, with transparent accounting of energy price fluctuations and incentives for active DR participation within the CPC. The security of energy transactions and the privacy of prosumers are ensured in the ECT by distributed ledger technology (DLT). The proposed cooperative is demonstrated in a cluster of eight prosumers. This case study is built on an Ethereum testnet to establish the proposed cooperative’s performance and the benefits of trading within a cluster. The proposed CPC framework contributes explicitly to the 19.2–19.98% cost reduction and significantly boosts local energy self-sufficiency. The Ethereum blockchain has an average block time of 12&#xa0;s. A transaction completes in roughly 57&#xa0;s after submission, and the end-to-end latency for a complete blockchain-based energy trading cycle typically ranges from 12&#xa0;s to 12.8&#xa0;m.</p>

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Energy trading framework with ethereum smart contracts for a cluster of cooperative prosumers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月5日

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  • Pavan Ramchandra Padghan,
  • S. Arul Daniel,
  • Raja Pitchaimuthu

摘要

The advent of prosumers in the distribution network creates an environment for distributed energy trading and planning mutually beneficial operations of distributed energy resources (DERs). In this article, domestic prosumers devise an energy-cooperative trading (ECT) agreement among themselves to form a cooperative prosumers cluster (CPC). This article attempts to balance the net demand and supply within the cluster. The proposed cooperative grants incentives to prosumers participating in demand response (DR) using a logarithmic barrier function. The entire cooperative is implemented on an Ethereum blockchain for trading, with transparent accounting of energy price fluctuations and incentives for active DR participation within the CPC. The security of energy transactions and the privacy of prosumers are ensured in the ECT by distributed ledger technology (DLT). The proposed cooperative is demonstrated in a cluster of eight prosumers. This case study is built on an Ethereum testnet to establish the proposed cooperative’s performance and the benefits of trading within a cluster. The proposed CPC framework contributes explicitly to the 19.2–19.98% cost reduction and significantly boosts local energy self-sufficiency. The Ethereum blockchain has an average block time of 12 s. A transaction completes in roughly 57 s after submission, and the end-to-end latency for a complete blockchain-based energy trading cycle typically ranges from 12 s to 12.8 m.