<p>The simultaneous integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) generation and electric vehicle (EV) charging in distribution networks introduces power quality challenges: harmonic injection and reactive power imbalance from EV rectifier front-ends, DC-link instability under intermittent irradiance, and synchronization failure under distorted or weak grid conditions. This paper proposes a Newton spline filter-based control strategy that resolves all three challenges within a single unified framework. A Newton spline finite impulse response (FIR) estimator simultaneously performs shunt active power filter (SAPF) reference current generation and supplies the harmonic-rejected quadrature signal for phase-locked loop (PLL) grid synchronization—a dual role not previously achieved with a single non-recursive estimator. The FIR architecture guarantees unconditional BIBO stability (all poles at the origin, with no feedback path), needs only a single spline gain (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$K = 0.9$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>K</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.9</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) together with a fixed LMS step size <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\mu $</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>μ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> set once from the bounded-regressor stability bound (<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$0<\mu <2$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo><</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) and not retuned across operating cases, and exhibits a deterministic finite-window response (filtering window <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$N \cdot T_s = 0.3$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>·</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> ms, independent of input statistics) while settling up to <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$6\times $</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>6</mn> <mo>×</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> faster than SRFT and LMS under identical grid conditions. Computational feasibility is confirmed on a dSPACE DS1104 at 20 kHz with only 33 multiply-accumulate operations per phase per sample (<17% of the available ISR budget). The controller maintains source current total harmonic distortion (THD) below 2.1% across five standard grid disturbance conditions (1.25% normal, 1.67% distorted, 1.34% sag, 2.09% swell, 1.97% load unbalancing) and below 2.74% under severe 50% single-phase voltage reduction—all compliant with IEEE-519. Bidirectional G2V and V2G operation, variable irradiance MPPT, and reactive power compensation are managed within the same control architecture. Hardware validation at 40 V/50 Hz with a 300 W EN50530 PV simulator confirms sinusoidal source currents (THD 3.74% without PV; 5.86% with PV) and power balance consistent with simulation results.</p>

Novel newton spline filter-based control strategy for solar PV-Grid-connected electric vehicle charging infrastructure with shunt active power compensation

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发表日期：

2026年7月14日

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Anurag Kumar,
Ankita Arora,
Madhusudan Singh

摘要

The simultaneous integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) generation and electric vehicle (EV) charging in distribution networks introduces power quality challenges: harmonic injection and reactive power imbalance from EV rectifier front-ends, DC-link instability under intermittent irradiance, and synchronization failure under distorted or weak grid conditions. This paper proposes a Newton spline filter-based control strategy that resolves all three challenges within a single unified framework. A Newton spline finite impulse response (FIR) estimator simultaneously performs shunt active power filter (SAPF) reference current generation and supplies the harmonic-rejected quadrature signal for phase-locked loop (PLL) grid synchronization—a dual role not previously achieved with a single non-recursive estimator. The FIR architecture guarantees unconditional BIBO stability (all poles at the origin, with no feedback path), needs only a single spline gain ( $K = 0.9$ $K = 0.9$ ) together with a fixed LMS step size $\mu $ $μ$ set once from the bounded-regressor stability bound ( $0<\mu <2$ $0 < μ < 2$ ) and not retuned across operating cases, and exhibits a deterministic finite-window response (filtering window $N \cdot T_s = 0.3$ $N \cdot T_{s} = 0.3$ ms, independent of input statistics) while settling up to $6\times $ $6 \times$ faster than SRFT and LMS under identical grid conditions. Computational feasibility is confirmed on a dSPACE DS1104 at 20 kHz with only 33 multiply-accumulate operations per phase per sample (<17% of the available ISR budget). The controller maintains source current total harmonic distortion (THD) below 2.1% across five standard grid disturbance conditions (1.25% normal, 1.67% distorted, 1.34% sag, 2.09% swell, 1.97% load unbalancing) and below 2.74% under severe 50% single-phase voltage reduction—all compliant with IEEE-519. Bidirectional G2V and V2G operation, variable irradiance MPPT, and reactive power compensation are managed within the same control architecture. Hardware validation at 40 V/50 Hz with a 300 W EN50530 PV simulator confirms sinusoidal source currents (THD 3.74% without PV; 5.86% with PV) and power balance consistent with simulation results.