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<p>Sensorless field-oriented control (FOC) avoids constraints on motor structural design due to angle sensor installation in practical applications, enhancing drive system reliability. However, its performance relies on accurate rotor position information. The conventional Luenberger observer has the problem of model mismatch and the accuracy of observing the rotor speed decreases due to speed variations. To address this problem, this paper proposes a sensorless FOC strategy combining a phase-locked loop (PLL) and an adaptive Luenberger observer is proposed for surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors (SPMSMs). A dynamic feedback gain matrix design based on a pole placement strategy is developed, enabling the observer to adapt to parameter mismatch and speed variations, thereby improving rotor speed estimation accuracy and system robustness. To reduce the difficulty of parameter tuning in conventional vector control systems, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is introduced to optimize the proportional and integral gains of the speed loop PI controller. The PSO algorithm automatically searches for the optimal parameter combination, improving the dynamic performance and speed regulation capability of the SPMSM drive system. An integrated FOC system with PLL and the adaptive observer is developed, validated through simulations and experiments. Results show the adaptive observer maintains high accuracy with the rotor speed observation error less than ± 0.7&#xa0;rpm under dynamic speeds and suppresses phase current distortion, keeping the motor's phase current harmonic distortion rate below 14% across all tested speeds.</p>

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Sensorless FOC of surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor based on PLL and adaptive Luenberger position observer

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月4日

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  • Xin Cheng,
  • Zhiqi He,
  • Yuhang Liu,
  • Ping Han

摘要

Sensorless field-oriented control (FOC) avoids constraints on motor structural design due to angle sensor installation in practical applications, enhancing drive system reliability. However, its performance relies on accurate rotor position information. The conventional Luenberger observer has the problem of model mismatch and the accuracy of observing the rotor speed decreases due to speed variations. To address this problem, this paper proposes a sensorless FOC strategy combining a phase-locked loop (PLL) and an adaptive Luenberger observer is proposed for surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors (SPMSMs). A dynamic feedback gain matrix design based on a pole placement strategy is developed, enabling the observer to adapt to parameter mismatch and speed variations, thereby improving rotor speed estimation accuracy and system robustness. To reduce the difficulty of parameter tuning in conventional vector control systems, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is introduced to optimize the proportional and integral gains of the speed loop PI controller. The PSO algorithm automatically searches for the optimal parameter combination, improving the dynamic performance and speed regulation capability of the SPMSM drive system. An integrated FOC system with PLL and the adaptive observer is developed, validated through simulations and experiments. Results show the adaptive observer maintains high accuracy with the rotor speed observation error less than ± 0.7 rpm under dynamic speeds and suppresses phase current distortion, keeping the motor's phase current harmonic distortion rate below 14% across all tested speeds.