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<p>The inner current control loop (CCL) is critical for ensuring dynamic stability and accurate power sharing in droop-controlled voltage source inverters (VSIs) operating in islanded microgrids (MGs). Conventional PI controllers lack robustness and degrade under nonlinear loads. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a saturated exponential super-twisting sliding mode controller (SEST-SMC) with gains optimally tuned using the Savannah Bengal Tiger Optimization (SBTO) algorithm. The proposed control law combines exponential and saturation functions to mitigate chattering, guarantee finite time convergence, and bound control effort. Simulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) results confirm the effectiveness of the SBTO-tuned SEST-SMC, current tracking error is reduced by 73%, reactive power sharing accuracy improves by 82%, settling time is shortened by 34%, and THD remains below allowed standards under both linear and nonlinear load conditions. Compared with the conventional PI controller, the proposed method ensures superior robustness and precise power sharing, making it a promising solution for advanced MG systems.</p>

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Optimal power sharing in microgrids using SBTO-tuned SEST sliding mode control with hardware-in-the-loop experimental validation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月9日

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  • Ali Aillane,
  • Aissa Chouder,
  • Salwa Echalih,
  • Ahmed Bendib,
  • Abdelhammid Kherbachi,
  • Riyadh Bouddou,
  • Hegazy Rezk,
  • Abdelhak Hadjkaddour,
  • Ayodeji Olalekan Salau

摘要

The inner current control loop (CCL) is critical for ensuring dynamic stability and accurate power sharing in droop-controlled voltage source inverters (VSIs) operating in islanded microgrids (MGs). Conventional PI controllers lack robustness and degrade under nonlinear loads. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a saturated exponential super-twisting sliding mode controller (SEST-SMC) with gains optimally tuned using the Savannah Bengal Tiger Optimization (SBTO) algorithm. The proposed control law combines exponential and saturation functions to mitigate chattering, guarantee finite time convergence, and bound control effort. Simulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) results confirm the effectiveness of the SBTO-tuned SEST-SMC, current tracking error is reduced by 73%, reactive power sharing accuracy improves by 82%, settling time is shortened by 34%, and THD remains below allowed standards under both linear and nonlinear load conditions. Compared with the conventional PI controller, the proposed method ensures superior robustness and precise power sharing, making it a promising solution for advanced MG systems.