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<p>The rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves makes it essential to switch to renewable energy sources, which play an important role in shaping future energy sources policies. Distributed generation (DG), which includes decentralized renewable technologies like solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbines, hydropower storage, and other sustainable options, has become widespread global attention. The penetration of renewable generation to grid can cause many problems including voltage stability, contingency, reliability, and other factors. This paper examines current data related to Wales' electricity distribution system, high-voltage transmission network, and load patterns. Using a test system based on a 15-bus 400 kV and 10-bus 275 kV setup from the National Grid, these datasets are applied using NEPLAN software to assess the impact of DG integration across projected scenarios for 2030, 2035, 2040, and 2050. The findings indicate that the grid remains stable with DG penetration below 30%; however, higher levels of penetration pose significant stability challenges. This underscores the need for more advanced analytical methods and strengthened grid infrastructure to ensure a resilient energy future.</p>

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Future pathways for low-carbon technology integration in Wales’ electricity transmission and distribution networks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月16日

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  • Ahmed Basim Mohammed,
  • Mohammed Qasim Taha,
  • Falah Noori Saeed Al-dulaimi

摘要

The rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves makes it essential to switch to renewable energy sources, which play an important role in shaping future energy sources policies. Distributed generation (DG), which includes decentralized renewable technologies like solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbines, hydropower storage, and other sustainable options, has become widespread global attention. The penetration of renewable generation to grid can cause many problems including voltage stability, contingency, reliability, and other factors. This paper examines current data related to Wales' electricity distribution system, high-voltage transmission network, and load patterns. Using a test system based on a 15-bus 400 kV and 10-bus 275 kV setup from the National Grid, these datasets are applied using NEPLAN software to assess the impact of DG integration across projected scenarios for 2030, 2035, 2040, and 2050. The findings indicate that the grid remains stable with DG penetration below 30%; however, higher levels of penetration pose significant stability challenges. This underscores the need for more advanced analytical methods and strengthened grid infrastructure to ensure a resilient energy future.