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<p>To address the challenges of slow state-of-charge (SoC) balancing inaccurate current distribution, and DC bus voltage deviation for parallel energy storage systems in all-electric propulsion ships, this paper proposes a hierarchical cooperative control-based SoC balancing strategy. In the primary control layer, rapid SoC balance is achieved through dynamic adjustment of droop coefficients combined with the introduction of a cumulative error function incorporating three regulation coefficients. The secondary control layer employs an information mode coefficient coupled with a single-integral controller to simultaneously compensate for line impedance effects, ensure accurate current sharing, and maintain bus voltage regulation. The communication layer implements a distributed averaging-based dynamic consensus algorithm to enable information sharing across hierarchical control layers, thereby improving both the fault tolerance and operational stability of the communication network. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is validated through comprehensive MATLAB/Simulink simulations and StarSim hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiments.</p>

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A hierarchical cooperative control strategy for state-of-charge balancing for parallel energy storage systems in all-electric propulsion ships

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Qinjin Zhang,
  • Junpeng Pang,
  • Yuji Zeng,
  • Yancheng Liu,
  • Jiajie Liu,
  • Anguo Wang

摘要

To address the challenges of slow state-of-charge (SoC) balancing inaccurate current distribution, and DC bus voltage deviation for parallel energy storage systems in all-electric propulsion ships, this paper proposes a hierarchical cooperative control-based SoC balancing strategy. In the primary control layer, rapid SoC balance is achieved through dynamic adjustment of droop coefficients combined with the introduction of a cumulative error function incorporating three regulation coefficients. The secondary control layer employs an information mode coefficient coupled with a single-integral controller to simultaneously compensate for line impedance effects, ensure accurate current sharing, and maintain bus voltage regulation. The communication layer implements a distributed averaging-based dynamic consensus algorithm to enable information sharing across hierarchical control layers, thereby improving both the fault tolerance and operational stability of the communication network. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is validated through comprehensive MATLAB/Simulink simulations and StarSim hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiments.